Market Segmentation and Consumer Buying Behaviour

Market partition and Consumer Buying BehaviourMarket seg workforcetation is the division of the marketplaceplace into segments which a specific sort out of people help to command completely that the consumers need. The geographical,Psycho-graphic and life-style,Behavioural and demographic which is the most important bathroomonical of segmentation atomic number 18 the four types and bedrock characteristics that market segmentation is based on. Also the consumer behaviour is the positive or negative controvertion for the products of the market.IntroductionMarket segmentation is the divide of the market into sections, resembling an orange, in which all segments are linked but all(prenominal) segment has its own shape. The companies can be international by reservation foreign purchases, like British consumers buy Italian dresses and shoes. Market segments also, are an important part of marketing be form a market consists of clients with similar ineluctably and for each market segment there is a dissimilar marketing plan.MARKET SEGMENTATIONA product is targeting a specific group of customers or a marketing mix of market segments. It is the companys responsibility to find out that the product satisfy the needs of the customers in that target group. Every market segment can transfer a target market for an obstinate, and could require a special marketing mix if the firm is to use it successfully.As the companies know, segmentation allows for fast response of changing market requirements, improved depth psychology of competition and to efficient strategic planning.The purpose of segmentation is to find the warning set of needs and behaviour of the targeted customer.The basis for segmenting markets depends for the five several slipway in which a market can be segmentedGeographicThis is the segmentation where the market is divided into groups based on where they live or where the customers are located. Do they live in the countryside or in a big city ?DemographicDemographic segmentation is the most basic and the most popular type of segmentation. The groups of customers are chosen based on the following criteria Age the broad groups who may because of their age show hard-hitting purchase behaviours. Is she/he a child? A teen? An sister?Is this product appropriate for our costumers age? Gender Different sex of human. Is our customer a female or male and the product is made for men or for women or both? Life-cycle stage Young, sr., single, married, occupation, number of children. Social caste social class is an important one because these groupings seem to dedicate accepted indicators of separate consumer mental state and needs .What is the social status of our consumer? argon they poor or rich? Life-style Differences by character of a person, behaviour, habits, opinions and interests.For example women dresses is a product that is marketed based on demographic segmentation. The cause for this product is that it is made for women and the marketing mix is made up of groups of women of different ages.Another and particular example is the advertisement for the perfume The One by Dolce and Gabana. This perfume is very classy and fantastic and 4 when the women stop this perfume feel like a star and a admittedly diva You can find it in fashion magazines and this is due to the occurrence that it has a ingenuous price and is not very expensive and wherefore every woman can buy it.Psycho-graphicThe way in which the customers reactBehaviouralEconomic and social characteristics of the customers. Do they find the product intelligent or bad? How do people be bedevil?CONSUMER BUYING doingsConsumer behaviour is the positive or negative response for the products of the marketing when they like or dislike the product and if they pleased or displeased with that product.Consumer all the time has many motivations and this is the just reason that is a payer and a buyer . The consumer needs to be completely happy an d satisfied with the old and new requirements. At the same time all shoppers to complete their needs,without to commit they take a risk for dissadisfaction when buying a product,so must be carefully and to be sure that the product is safe.The consumers must to be existent because is the most important key for each company to live and success. Without consumers the companies can not handle their business and lose their jobs. The suppliers have to find a nice way to keep the consumers satisfied and want to buy once again and again for the same supplier the products and to say to friends, a related good impressions to buy from the supplier.Allegiance customers are the people that they will help and give suggestions to the suppliers when they will have many problems and not really good and tripping times at the company. Also can help the company to be more higher and improved the goodwill for the supplier organisations version. Certainly the substantive part of the solution between loyalty and current consumers is more serious and important from the banks.Some of the private effects on consumers behaviour is the personality. spirit each human has her/his own and separate way to think and have her/his personality. Is an inclusive idea which contains characteristics and calculate how the person appreciate to his/her to conditions and would be undefendable to know to sign in own behaviour.ReferencesInternet websites http//www.themarketingprocessco.com/marketing/market%20segmentation/market_segmentation.htm http//www.bizrate.co.uk/perfumeandcologne/oid511115165.html BOOKS The Chartered Institute of Bankers, (1996) Strategic Marketing Management, London. Wilkison, R. , Curtis, B. , Curtis, S. , Jones, C. , Morgan, B. , Norman, J. and Sykes,G. (1994) Business Studies an introduction to anxiety and business studies , Meinemann Publisher Ltd. , Oxford. 9 Bibliography http//www.learnmarketing.net/consumer.htm http//www.kowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/ consumer-buying-behavior/

Aspirin: History, Effects and Synthesis

acetylsalicylic back breaker write up, feat and subtractionIntroductionAspirin is a drug which is widely exercising today to deal with the symptoms of mevery minor illnesses ranging from general moderateness from aches and painful sensation muscle, tooth, headaches, and arthritis to prevent rent clotting and reduce the risk of stroke and shopping mall attack lower fever and wetially prevent certain shadowcers.History of DiscoveryAspirin has a great history of development which could be considered to have begun in the 3000BC where it was recorded that remedies from the entrustow tree were the most serviceable for the treatment of many ailments. Though it was not for another 1500 years that it was to a greater extent(prenominal) specifically noted in the Elbers papyrus for its usage for pain relief and inflammation. For the next few thousands of year the willow tree bark was utilise for in much the same way, although it would not be until 1828, 4800 years later the dis covery of its usefulness, that the active ingredient of willow bark was isolated by the German chemist Joseph Buchner who managed to obtain salicin, from the latin Salix, crystals. At the time the crystals were considered fairly pure scarcely Henri Leroux, of France, managed to obtain them in purer bods a year later. some(prenominal) other chemists/pharmacists made discoveries in the years following, all of which we now crawl in contained Salicylic Acid. It was the Italian Chemist Raffaele Piria who managed to devise a method of containing a more concentrated cutting form of salicin from the willow extract, which he named Salicylic Acid (SA). later on these discoveries the usage of Salicylates, esters and salts of salicylic cutting, became more widespread by doctors for treating pain, fever and inflammation but with limited success due to adverse side effects such as gastric irritation to the lining of the mouth and house. It was not until virtually 1897 that Felix Hoffman n of Bayer Pharmaceuticals demonstrable a method of synthesising ethanoyl radical salicylic acid after(prenominal) he had be tasked to find a substitute to SA, that did not cause gastric irritation, 4 years earlier by Eichengrunalong with Dreser(the pharmacist who developed heroin).Early clinical trials found acetylsalicylic acid to be a potent treatment and today it is the best known and most widely use medicine in the world where it is estimated that over 100 billion tablets or 40,000 tonnes are consumed each year.Unsurprisingly shortly after clinical trials finished acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) became the over the counter drug under the name of Aspirin, though in some countries Aspirin is no-longer holds trademark and has become a generic term for ASA. tax deductionThe method of synthesis today involves the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid to give the products ASA and acetic acid. The form is a form of esterification reaction and thus is reversible.(Columbia.edu, n.d.)MethodSalicylic acid is placed into a conical flask along with acetic anhydride sequence inside a fume hood wearing goggles and gloves as acetic anhydride is an irritant and the vapour is harmful is inhaled or reaches the eyes. The acid should thus be added in a small quantity and the flask should be swirled to mix thoroughly. The mixture should then be warmed in a beaker of water for around 10 minutes to increase the rate of reaction. or else the mixture could be refluxed over heat. The mixture erect then be left to cool, and arid leaving an impure sample of ASA which can be purified. (Continue to purging)Reaction MechanismThe oxygen atom of the phenylic acid group initiates a nucleophilic attack on a carbon in a carbonylic bond of the acetic anhydride. As a result the oxygen of the phenol group becomes positively charged and the electrons forming the carbonyl bond in the acetic anhydride a re pushed onto the oxygen of the bond and thus becomes negative. The bond between the henry and oxygen in the phenol group breaks where the oxygen takes both electrons and becomes stable. The proton is ejected from the mental synthesis and the carbonyl bond then reforms as the oxygen delocalises the electrons it gained previously and becomes stable.(Carman, 2008)PurificationThe process of purification is relatively simple and is done by the process of hot and cold separate outing.Distilled water should be added to the impure ASA crystals. Using the properties of ASA and the fact that it is soluble in hot water but virtually non-water-soluble in cold water, any insoluble impurities can be take away by heating the mixture of water and ASA crystals to the point that the ASA crystals are right dissolved in the solution. This hot solution should then be filtered into a clean beaker. Any impurities which are insoluble are caught by the filter paper but the ASA which is soluble pass es though. The hot filtered mixture should then be put into an ice bath to recrystallize it. When cold, using a Hirsch funnel, filter paper, a side arm flash, and a vacuum pump the mixture can be filtered once again. As the ASA will be crystalline it will be stopped by the filter paper and thus any soluble impurities are removed. What is left in the filter paper can be washed with distilled water and then dried. Providing the synthesising reaction was done to completion, the dried crystals should be a pure form of ASA or Aspirin.Method of follow up of ASAAs with many drugs which were developed early in the 20 century, the real(a) method that the drugs worked inside the body was not known. In the 1970s a British Scientist Professor John Vane discovered that it blocked the enzyme cyclooxygenase which is needed for the production of hormones related to the bodys natural unhealthy and pain responses. Vane won the Nobel Prize for Medicine for this work. (Aspirin-foundation.com, n.d.) One enzyme abstruse in inflammation is cyclooxygenase (COX). COX is responsible for the formation of a group of inflammatory mediators known as prostaglandins. COX activates a chemical known as thromboxane A2 that causes platelets to stick together to form a raft over the damaged area. The aggregation of platelets (plug), in concert with the clotting process, results in a fibrin clot which stops bleeding and aids repair of the blood vessel.Aspirin inhibits COX, in turn stopping the formation of prostaglandins hence acetylsalicylic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in this process. In regards to thromboxane A2 thereby reducing the skill of platelets to aggregate. This is why aspirin is known as a blood compressed or anti-platelet agent.(Aspree.org, n.d.)Side EffectsAs previously stated Aspirin inhibits COX which inhibits prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced by cells in the lining of the stomach and form majority of the barrier that protect the stomach wall from the concentrated Hydrochloric acid it contains. As a result ASA can result in stomach ulcers. Other side effects would likely to be irritation of the gut, stomach upset and nausea.ReferencesArias, J. (2014).Aspirin Synthesis. 1st ed. eBook pp.2-4. obtainable at http//www.lahc.edu/classes/chemistry/arias/Exp 5 AspirinF11.pdf Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Aspirin-foundation.com, (n.d.).Aspirin bag What is Aspirin 100 Years of Aspirin. Online Available at http//www.aspirin-foundation.com/what/100.html Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Aspree.org, (n.d.).How aspirin works. Online Available at http//www.aspree.org/AUS/aspree- issue/aspirin/how-aspirin-works.aspx Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Awtry, E. and Loscalzo, J. (2000). Aspirin.Circulation, Online 101(10), pp.1206-1218. Available at http//circ.ahajournals.org/content/101/10/1206.full Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Badd, C. and Perona, M. (1999).Synthesis of Aspirin. Online Wwwchem.csustan.edu. Available at http//wwwchem.csustan.edu/consumer/aspirincons/aspirincons.htm Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Carman, S. (2008).Esterification The Synthesis of Aspirin (ASA). 1st ed. eBook Available at http//www.drcarman.info/kem220lb/01lab220.pdf Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Columbia.edu, (n.d.).Synthesis of Aspirin. Online Available at http//www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/chem-c2507/navbar/Aspirin.ppt Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Nordqvist, C. (2009).What Is Aspirin? What Is Aspirin For? Online Medical News Today. Available at http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161255.php Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Scribd.com, (2009).Aspirin Synthesis and Analysis. Online Available at http//www.scribd.com/doc/13771504/Aspirin-Synthesis-and-Analysis Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Telow, S. (n.d.).Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis. Online Academia.edu. Available at http//www.academia.edu/4728996/Acetylsalicylic_Acid_Aspirin_Synthesis Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.Theuplbcollegestudent.blogspot.co.uk, (2011).College Full Report Synthesis of Aspirin. Online Available at http//theuplbcollegestudent.blogspot.co.uk/2011 /05/full-report-synthesis-of-aspirin.html Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.

Legal and ethical issues of discrimination

Legal and respect able issues of distinctionIn an effort to curtail discrimination, implementing clean strategies and proposing these new hiring practices be vital. It is non a good ethical policy for employees to be able to screen and pick and choose who gets to be interviewed, as in this case. ships company hiring practices if done with good judgment and a strong moral and ethically correct agenda, target social welf are the organization as a whole. Furthermore, discrimination in the workplace is disruptive and harmful to the effects on origin operations and its culture, whether in the present or the knightly. By getting disengage of old outdated policy and allowing for more various inter accomplish with employees, we can create a multi-cultural environment. Also reciprocating this is the fact that managed correctly, the atmosphere will bear increases in retention rates and sign on turnover. Because our time was point into be specific goals of the organization, that needed to be met to receive consideration for employment. Therefore, this organization demand a more efficient way to determine the necessary step in the hiring procedure. The current process of hiring prospective employees is based on a biased view that too much diversity is a bighearted thing. New employee assessments argon needed to help predict whether potential hires are motivated by the factors associated with a particular caper. It is true that companies fetch to be cautious and should be concerned about negligent hiring precisely un equal discrimination is an undesirable practice. Making sound hiring decisions and performing detailed telescope checks on qualified potential employees can decrease employment risks afterwards caused by premature termination. (Berris, 2009) This company is small still can improvement from forming a streamline, non-negligent hiring process, by setting up a structured, non-discriminatory process for be and new hires. Negligent hiring m eans the company can be put into legal trouble if it could pitch foreseen a potential issue but acts negligently by non doing a thorough check of the new employee, before hiring. This company had a tendency to overlook steps to reduce the likelihood of a hiring mistake. This company looks past a lot of qualified employees due to its biased hiring practices and may hire problem employees unknowingly. This potential ill fortune is heightened because management chooses to hire morose of appearance and fails to accurately assess a potential employees way of thinking and handling situations or their particular readiness needed for the job. Quality, knowledge and skill sets need to be the reason for hiring/ non hiring someone, non their appearance and this is how you decide who to hire. (Aly Shields, 2010)When psyches are discriminated against because of defining characteristics such as their race, gender or age, this is some of the most blatant forms of discrimination. Personally , I deal the most qualified person should receive the job, adherenceless of race, ethnicity. If discrimination does not exist, it certainly has a solid historical foundation for its existence. As show in this scenario, a potential employee is shut out of the hiring process, based only when on his ethnicity. When employers violate workplace discrimination laws, legally they can be sued by the person or persons and receive bad publicity and other consequences. Discrimination occurs when an employee suffers from unfair treatment due to their race, religion, national origin. Proving discrimination is tall(prenominal) as is can occur in a number of work-related areas, during your initial hiring phase, during training or even after you get the job and have to participate in job evaluations. According to Smith, unfair treatment does not necessarily equal unlawful discrimination, treating a person differently from others violates compeer Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws only when th e treatment is based on the movement of a protected section under discrimination, rather than on the job performance. As far as ethnicity goes, the Statesns come in every warp shape and size and a successful business is one that understands its customers and knows how to ascertain their needs. (2010) The more diverse an organization is, the more likely it becomes a focalize piece of the community.Affirmative action helps to cut down on discrimination, past and present, but it is not a complete solution. The objective of its policies include the excreting of hiring and advancement discrimination ensuring multicultural employment and to achieve a diverse and much more representative workforce. The results guide a prospective conductor about how best to motivate, manage and develop potential employees in a new role. It has helped but the effort to increase the number of minorities in top(prenominal) management and leadership roles in educational institutions is still a contest a nd needs to continue. Needless to say there is a long storey of racism and discrimination against blacks and minorities, which went unnoticed. Where was the need to strive for equality then as it is now? The evidence of all types of discrimination against minorities led to a determinative need for action, ethics and morality were the same then as they are now. Ethics are the societal application of what is right and wrong small-arm morals are an individuals belief of what is right and wrong. Is one to say that the U.S lacked morals and good ethical practices and this is why the need for affirmative action gave eject? Morals are instilled in every man woman and child, it is a sense of what is right and wrong and good ethical behavior builds off of good morals. There is no doubt that affirmative action has helped with the gigantic gap between blacks and whites in areas such as education, employment. Those that do not share positive views on affirmative action will declare that it is discrimination to harbor or give away special considerations and benefits on the foundation that people have certain characteristics. Affirmative action programs that benefit minorities have been under attack in the halls of Congress and scrutinized for reverse racism against the whites. This is a valid argument but how can one skip the imbalance of societal benefits that are obviously lacked by minorities. (Devata Kappelman 2010) Ethically this is thesible but morally this argument should have never existed. For long time the morality of America went unquestioned in the treatment of minorities, years beyond slavery and what individual or group has a right or an ethic earthly concern to stand against affirmative action. Legally government has tried to mandate it and courts have tried to uphold its presence but to no avail. Again I ask where the outrage was when affirmative action was white. The opposition to affirmative action argues that the foundation that the U.S is bui lt upon requires that government treats all of its citizens as individual persons without regard to their ethical status, and again I ask where this creed was during slavery and years after. This is truly a divisive issue and one cannot employ the system when needed and dismiss it when not.

Contrast The Representation Of Friday In Foe And Robinson Crusoe English Literature Essay

Contrast The Representation Of Friday In enemy And Robinson Crusoe English Literature Es judgeAccording to G Scott Bishop, it is important to shew post-colonial literature in English, and see the reactions to the discussion of colonialism held by the English, as they gleam the way our historical actions created the world. Taking the plot of the father of the novel (Judith Hawley, spoken, s flushth October 2010), and a novel focussed around colonialism, Robinson Crusoe, the post-colonial foeman deconstructs it to expose the lies and injustices that be seen in Robinson Crusoe, but neer ch whollyenged. The change in cultural norms, from Britain in 1719 to South Africa in 1986 has been vast, and the challenging differences between the two novels purported to tell the comparable story is shocking. The central point of these differences is not, as some would suggest, Susan Barton, the interloper character, and female narrator, but more Friday, a character who is the resembling acr oss the view ass, and just incredibly different. Defoe used Friday to seek themes of religion, buckle downry and subjugation, all of which were supposed to a natural state of being at that quantify in history, and Coetzee uses him to explore more strongly themes of slavery, nasty identity, and the voice of the oppressed. In neither book is Friday left simply to be a character, he is instead invariably used as a device through which the proofreader behind explore other topics.Your master says the slavers cut your tongue out but I take over never heard of such a practice Is it the trueness that your master cut it out himself and blamed the slavers? (Coetzee, J.M, Foe.)The fact that this question is never answered, and that all attempts to force Friday to communicate fail drastically leave the reader wondering whether the slavers that captured Friday removed his tongue, or whether that was done by the colonialist Cruso, who felt in that location was no need of a great stock of words, (Coetzee, J.M, Foe). This contrasts immensely with Defoes Crusoe, who stateI began to keep my journal of which I shall here give you the double (though in it will be told all these crosss over again) as great as it lasted for having no more ink, I was forced to leave it off.This implies all the way that Defoes Crusoe gave a lot more care and interest to lyric than Coetzees Cruso. Defoes Crusoe, oft as he appreciated journaling in his own dustup whilst alone, excessively took pleasure in command Friday to speak,In a little time I began to speak to him and teach him to speak to me I ilkwise taught him to say Master and then let him know that was to be my name I likewise taught him to say Yes and No and to know the meaning of them.Defoes Crusoe was certainly interested with language, but never investigated the language that was Fridays own, erasing Fridays history by denomination him, and teaching him English. In this way, he could and voice the thoughts that Crus oe had given him language to speak. This was challenged by the voiceless Friday in Coetzees work, a character who literally couldnt speak. In this, it could be argued that Coetzee was asserting that it was not his right to give voice to an oppressed black character, and let Friday stand for the victims of apartheid and slavery, where Defoe (due to the beliefs of society at his time) believed that it was right and natural for Crusoe to produce the position of Master to Friday, and to speak for him.Hearing the voice of the ethnic minorities in both Foe and Robinson Crusoe is important, but so is acknowledging their different racial identities. Friday in Foes work, in standing for the victims of apartheid and slavery, is a black Afri mint character he was black, negro, with a head of fuzzy wool (Coetzees Foe), whereas Crusoes Friday, not standing for those causes, is rendered as being an anglicised version of a Caribbean man, who had all the sweetness and effeminacy of a European i n his countenance. This implies that Friday was somehow better than the average Caribbean tribesman by dint of looking more or less European, but at the same time, the first language Crusoe taught him was that he was his master. He was an improvement on the average savage, since his appearance was somewhat European, but still his race left him to be the natural handmaid of Crusoe. This Friday is very much a dramatic device used to portray Crusoes development as a religious man Crusoe began to instruct him Friday in the knowledge of the true God. This allowed Defoe to expand on Crusoes earlier mentions of religion, in his conversion, and in the hegemony of the time, caused Crusoe to be seen as a good and moral character, who treated his slave well, and brought him up to be religious (McInelly Colonialism, the novel and Robinson Crusoe). In Coetzees work, Friday is allowed to be churlish and unpleasant, easy to see, but hard to like, he is created to be the embodiment of all the op pression experienced by a racial group, to only be able to take in, never to give out ideas or understanding, to be central to a story he can stick out no part in. The silence of Coetzees Friday could also be said to reflect the reader, who, like Friday can only react and respond to situations. Katherine Wagner however argues against this, saying that reproval and silence are mutually exclusive terms. Coetzees Friday can only be silenced, but Defoes Friday has no room to criticise, and no part in devising decisions for Crusoe, because in that time, a slave wouldnt have that option at all, Coetzees Friday can take no part, being unable to speak. His isolation and treatment as second class is made far more visible by his disability, a device Coetzee used to avoid speaking the black voice, as a privileged white man, whilst still drawing attention to the plight of slaves.Crusoe, Cruso and Barton were all seen to treat Friday very differently, but all see him as a possession in their own way. Crusoe did this most blatantly, in claiming, naming Friday and instructing him to call him Master, with Defoes Friday being portrayed as making signs of subjection, servitude, and submission to Crusoe without even any bidding. This added to the moral message of Robinson Crusoe, because it showed the savage being tamed, and later taught religion. This contrasts strongly with the Cruso created by Coetzee, who was sullen (J M Coetzee, Foe) in his service, who obeyed Cruso, but did not have the childish excitement or comically expressed pidgin (Chris Boignes, muddled in a maze of doubtin) portrayed in places by Defoe. Barton also claimed him, patronage trying to treat him as an individual if Friday is not mine to treated free, whose is he (J M Coetzee, Foe), and on some level saw him understandably as her property, forgetting that maybe it was not her right to set him free either. (Chris Boignes, Lost in a maze of doubtin).The representation of Friday in these two texts is v astly different, and one could hardly believe that the two were in fact the same character. With different histories, and different personalities, in fact all both have in common is playing the role of the non-white slave in the text, to take care a literary purpose, in both reflecting the views of wider society towards non-white people, and in present the development of other characters. This is not to say that either Friday was one-dimensional, in particular Coetzees Friday was multi-dimensional and complex, but more that despite the character complexity, despite his being tolerant to being interpreted (Bishop C Scott, J. M. Coetzees Foe), and how central they were, both were created to serve only a purpose.1. Bishop, C. Scott. J. M. Coetzees Foe. World Literature Today 64.1 (1990) 54. Print.http//www.jstor.org/sici?origin=sfxsfxsici=0196-3570(1990)641%3C54JMC%22%3E2.0.CO2-H2. Wagner, KM. Dichter and Dichtung + Foe by Coetzee, John Susan Barton and the truth of autobiography. English studies in Africa 32.1 (1989) 1-11. Print.http//pao.chadwyck.co.uk/articles/displayItem.do?QueryType=articlesResultsID=12B06460CF2F1F413filterSequence=0ItemNumber=1journalID=42733. Joanna Scott. share and trajectory An interview with J. M. Coetzee Salmagundi.114/115 (1997) 82.22. Print.http//lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01511343divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft4. Bongie, Chris. Lost in the Maze of Doubtin J. M. Coetzees Foe and the political sympathies of (Un)Likeness. Modern Fiction Studies 39.2 (1993) 261-0. Print. http//pao.chadwyck.co.uk/PDF/1286892456412.pdf5. Brett C McInelly. Expanding Empires, Expanding Selves Colonialism, the Novel, and Robinson Crusoe. Studies in the Novel 35.1 (2003) 1. Print.http//lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01665469divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft6. Cohen, D. make Friday (Robinson Crusoe). Queens Quarterly 115.1 (2008) 9-11. Print.http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-179351988.html7. Wheeler, Roxann. My Savage, My Man Racial Multiplicity in Robinson Crusoe. ELH 62.4 (1995) 821. Print.http//www.jstor.org/sici?origin=sfxsfxsici=0013-8304(1995)624%3C821SMRM%3E2.0.CO2-Q8. Ritchie, DE. Robinson Crusoe as Narrative Theologian. Renascence essays on value in literature 49.2 (1997) 94-17. Print.http//find.galegroup.com/shax/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-DocumentsresultListType=RESULT_LISTqrySerId=Locale(en,,)FQE%3D(tx,None,39)robinson+crusoe+as+narrative+theologian$sgHitCountType=NoneinPS=truesort=DateDescendsearchType=AdvancedSearchFormtabID=T013prodId=SHAXsearchId=R1currentPosition=1userGroupName=rho_ttdadocId=A19983243docType=9. Donoghue, Frank. Inevitable Politics Rulership and Identity in Robinson Crusoe. Studies in the Novel 27.1 (1995) 1-0. Printhttp//lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01532799divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft10. Ngugi Wa Thiongo. The language of African literature. Decolonising the Mind. London / Portsmouth N.H James Currey / Heinemann 198611. Judith Hawley Robins on Crusoe (University Lecture) 7th October 2010

Does Austerity Work?

Does asceticism Work?Critic aloney quantify claims that ascesis is the most effective strategy to counter a recession. asceticism is one of the most controversial frugal policies, not only because thither is an ongoing debate between academics and policy rack uprs about its effectiveness and consequences, except in addition because it make the life of millions and rent caused many political and well-disposed turmoil when implemented. The encourage of this policy betokens that it is the most effective and even more than it is the solution regardless of the structure of the thrift and the cause of the stinting downturn or recession. I exit argue that this is not true, and that there ar other policy designs that proved effective and delivered obedient results with less complaisant cost in term of unemployment, social disturbances and welfare reduction. austerity measures were recommended by policy makers in advanced economies as well as international organization s such as the IMF and the Word Bank. They were prescribed as a touch on in many economics situations and contexts in the developing countries, for example Latin America sovereign debt crisis and the Asian crisis, furthermore in the aftermath of the monetary crisis of 2007 and the great rescission that followed asceticism policies were implemented or advocated in substantial economies manage UK, USA and part of the debt troubled EU countries referred to as PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain) (Blyth, 2013). only it is important to first define what is meant by nonindulgence and what is the beneathlie economic theory behind it. Usually when economists or policy makers refer to austerity they superior oecumenicly mean the reduction in the structural deficit in the authorities budget regardless of its effect on the business cycle, and it is to a fault refers to the policy of reducing the size of the overt sector in general (Room, 2015). This brook be done through pull downing the government disbursement (like social and welfare benefits, consumption on infrastructure and healthcare, moveing wages, etc.). The underlying economic reasoning behind austerity policy is that heights curb aim of public debt is a burden on the future generations because any debt should be paid in the future from budget surpluses raised form valuate payers. It alike cause high level of liaison rate (due to higher demand by government) which in turn discourage secret investment. consequently austerity policy by reducing the government expenditure exit descend the public debt, consequently increase confidence in the economy, reduce interest evaluate and consequently stimulate private investment using up and the economy. A common theme in austerity policy is the cerebrate that government intervention itself through fiscal policy is the source of economic imbalances and it associate crisis with bad public finance management and reckless spending behavior (Wr en-Lewis, 2016).The advocate of austerity say that the national economy bathroomnot explicate out of debt. Some scholars argue that if the ratio of debt to gross domestic yield (GDP) is reach 90% for advanced economies, or 60% for emerging economies, the debt will decelerate down economic developing (Reinhart and Rogoff, 2010). In this situation, the economy chamberpot easily populate financial crises because the investor confidence will fall, and this will make foreign direct investment be buzz off less (Konzelmann, 2014 Reinhart and Rogoff, 2010). Another affiliated idea is that high level of debt means that the government needs to claim capital resources from the community to pay for it, and this will besides slow the evolution of the economy. The national economies with high debt indeed likely to raise interest order to encourage demand for government bonds, and this will make it more high-priced for the public to borrow money. The result of this expense is low co nsumption and issue, so the economy will steadily decline (Boccia, 2013). The high interest rates also make the currency become more valuable, which means that exports slow down because they become more expensive for international market, and this will also slow down the economy (Pa mangero et al., 2002). The advocate of austerity therefore argue that high levels of debt will cause the economy to slow down, and say that slip debt, which austerity does, is the best way to tending countries with high debt to achieve branch (Blyth, 2013).There are ample of evidence contradicting the public debate that the austerity is eer a solution to recession. An analysis of the performance and consequences of such policies suggest that austerity policy in practice led in many instances to declivity the recession and budget deficit mainly due to its blind crosscut and its tendency to ignore the different economic structure for each country, in fact it worsen the symptoms that it designed to cure (Haltom and Lubik, 2013). Lets look at the experience of Spain with austerity. Before the 2007 financial crisis Spain had enjoyed robust economy with long period of growth led by the real demesne sector, the budget was actually in surplus at around 2.5% of the GDP. When the crisis of 2007 hit Spain economic vulnerabilities mainly noncompetitive private sector and the over reliance on real estate sector and excessive borrowing by the private sector. The crisis resulted in lower demand and hence lower tax compendium and budget deficit. moreover deterioration in bank assets quality and concludency problem surfaced (Dellepiane and Hardiman, 2012).In 2010 Spain like many other troubled EU countries implemented the austerity blueprint i.e. cut spending. This solution was based on misinterpretation of the crisis cause in Spain (and southern Europe in general) that the crisis is caused by the mismanaged public finances, so not surprisingly was the result, instead of the involuti onary austerity Spain got stuck of a vicious circle of lower demand (driven by lower government spending), lower tax collection (revenues), higher unemployment and further deterioration of the financial sector health (Dellepiane and Hardiman, 2012). In fact this was the situation of all the EU countries that implemented austerities, as we merchant ship show from the economic performance of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PIIGS) since 2008. For all these countries, austerity made their debt increase, not decline, and economic activity slowed down (Blyth, 2013). In Greece, the ration of debt to GDP grew from 106% to one hundred seventy% from 2007 to 2012, even though there was much austerity cuts. The same causa happened on Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Spain.The economist capital of Minnesota Krugman pointed out that the idea of austerity collapsed under the empirical results of the policy of austerity, and he refers to the academic and research body that back up auster ity did not stand scrutiny and turned out to be based on dubious statistical methods and some clock times outright mistakes (Krugman, 2015). In similar way, Simon Wren-Lewis (2016) observed that the austerity in Europe was unnecessary core of the fiscal contraction. In other words, the European countries could have successfully stomach a gradual fiscal consolidation accompanied with expansionary monetary policy by the ECB to offset the contractionary effect of the fiscal policy. However in slick of Europe in 2010 the interest rates was already at home in and there was no room for expansionary monetary policy (a situation also referred to as liquidity trap), so postponing fiscal consolidation would not fairish delay austerity unless now avoid it all together (Wren-Lewis, 2016).It is therefore precise clear that austerity cannot be a solution for recessions, scarcely the question is then what can be the cure. If we go back in the recent history of the economic theory and poli cy we can picture that there have been examples of an alternative economic policy to austerity that has successfully dealt with recessions and restored the economic activity to the growth path. This policy was the Keynesian economic that prevailed for a period of 30 years from the world war II till late 1970s. Keynes model of how the economy works are based on the idea that when there is economic downturn and since business expectation in the recession are low because of the uncertainty only the government has can restore confidence to the economy and the policy recommendation is to increase government spending (expansionary fiscal policy) to boost he general level of economic activity, increase demand and compensate for the lower private demand (Burton, 2016). This is the very opposite of the idea of austerity, and many economists now argue the same thing.Paul Krugman (2012) is a famous example of this argument. Krugman rejects the idea of austerity, and argues that to help the ec onomy come out of the recession it is necessary for the government to increase debt. The foundation of this argument is the nature of debt. Krugman (2012) says that the economist moldiness consider public debt and private debt as two separate things, rather than just the same. His reason for this idea is that, first, private debt needs to be recompensed, but this is not the issue with government debt. For the governments, it is just necessary to make sure that there is enough tax to cover debts. Another difference is that in private debt the money is owed to someone else, but government debt is money that the government owes to itself and to the country, such as pensions and other requirements (Krugman 2012). If these differences are considered, it becomes clear that in a situation of high personal debt, a good solution is for the government to take on higher debt to help boost the economic activity (Krugman and Eggertsson, 2012). Krugman and Eggertsson (2012) argue that fiscal expe nditure must be used to maintain employment, productivity and earnings at the time that private debt is decreased, because this will keep the tax earnings up and stomach the government to decrease its own debt when the recession is over. Beside, increased financial expansion will work better in a situation where interest rates are lower, because there will be lower displace out of private business (Krugman and Eggertsson, 2012 1490). In such situations, financial comment will therefore boost economic activity and give good growth to GDP, while decreases in public spending will have the opposite effect, slowing growth and asking GDP down (Holland and Portes, 2012).In this essay, I have shown the foundation of the idea of austerity and explained why the economists who weigh it say that it is the solution for the situation of a recession. The advocate of austerity argues that high public debt makes it more expensive to obtain a loan, and this causes the economy to slow. Furthermore , it also causes currency inflation, which causes exports to become more expensive and slows economic activity. FDI also slows down, and all these factors together mean that the economy cannot achieve any development. The solution of austerity is therefore to cut public spending to bring down the public debt. However, the empirical evidence of the effects of austerity measures show that it is not a useful policy to achieve these ends. In countries such as Greece, Spain and others where austerity has been used, austerity has caused the opposite of these results ratio of debt to GDP gets higher and higher, unemployment rises, economic growth slows, and the recession becomes worse. The reason for this fail of austerity to solve the problem is because the advocate of austerity does not differentiate between public debt and private debt, as Krugman (2012) argues. In the recession, if the government takes on more debt through implementing fiscal stimulus, it can stimulate economic activit y by allowing people to spend and take loans. This will increase the circulation of capital, which will have many positive effects in bringing about growth. Then, when the private debt level is high and the economy is more active, the government can reduce its financial stimulus to bring down its debt. In both theoretically and empirically, it is clear that austerity cannot solve the problems that cause recession, and it therefore necessary to consider the alternatives.ReferencesDauderstdt, M. ed., 2013. Alternatives to Austerity Progressive offset Strategies for Europe. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Krugman, P., 2015. The austerity delusion. The Guardian, 29.Room, G., 2015. Alternatives to Austerity. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. (IPR Spotlight)Haltom, R.C. and Lubik, T.A., 2013. Is Fiscal Austerity Good for the thrift?. Richmond Fed Economic Brief, (Sept), pp.1-5.http//www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_dialogue/actrav/documents/publication/wcms_158927.pdfWren-L ewis, S., 2016. A general theory of austerity. BSG Working Paper Series, University of Oxford.Blyth, M., 2013. Austerity The history of a insidious idea. Oxford Oxford University Press.Dellepiane Avellaneda, Sebastian and Hardiman, Niamh (2012) The New Politics of Austerity Fiscal Responses to Crisis in Ireland and Spain. Working paper. UCD Geary Institute, Dublin.Burton, M., 2016. Is Austerity Necessary?. In The Politics of Austerity (pp. 189-204). Palgrave Macmillan UK.Reinhart, Carmen and Kenneth Rogoff. 2010. Growth in a time of debt. The American Economic Review100(2) 573-578.Konzelmann, Suzanne J. 2014. The Political Economics of Austerity. Cambridge Journal of Economics38(4) 701-741.Boccia, Romina. 2013. How the get together States High Debt Will Weaken the Economy and Hurt Americans. Backgrounder 2768 1-8.Pattillo, C.A., Poirson, H. and Ricci, L.A., 2002. External debt and growth (No. 2002-2069). International Monetary Fund.Krugman, Paul. 2012. Nobody Understands Debt. Th e New York Times The Opinion Pages. Accessed 28 October 2014. Available at http//www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/opinion/krugman-nobody-understands-debt.html?_r=1Krugman, Paul and Gauti Eggertsson. 2012, Debt, Deleveraging, and the Liquidity hole a Fisher-Minsky-Koo approach. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127(3) 1469-1518.Holland, Dawn and Jonathan Portes. 2012. Self-Defeating Austerity? National Institute Economic Review 222(222) 4-10.

Advertising Psycho Pharmaceuticals Essay -- Media Argumentative Persua

Advertising Psycho Pharmaceuticals   I feature been feeling a little overwhelmed lately, so I learn see my medical rejuvenate to seek her advice on what I jackpot do about my mental health. When I meet with her, she asks me if there have been any changes in my life that might explain my depression. Unfortunately, I cannot recall of any particular cause for these feelings. My doctor suggests that I start fetching a drug to help me overcome my unhappiness. She tells me that she can prescribe it even off now if I want her to. It surprises me that she does not recommend therapy and instead offers a chemical reanimate. Since this is the first time I am seriously considering use a drug to fix my mood, I tell her that I pass on do some research and let her know my final decision. I do not know very much about antidepressant medications, so she gives me the names of a couple of popular drugs used to hold dear depression, Paxil(r) and Zoloft(r), to help me with my investigation. I feel the best place to start my interrogation is to look at the websites of the companies that produce these drugs. I figure that these sites will supply me with the information I need to make an informed decision on whether drug treatment, and which drug treatment, is remedy for me.   I begin by look at the website for Paxil(r), http//paxil.com. When the page loads, I am presented with a picture of a worried womans face in profile in front of an orange-red background. When my eye move away from this image, I am confronted with the question in elephantine bold black letters, Does this sound like you? And this question is referring to the other statements twinkling on and off of the screen slowly, statements about being tense, worrying, having anxiety, ... ...er than the Zoloft(r) site, such as the page on the site that discusses the importance of talk therapy for helping to cure patients with these disorders. Also, in the prescription informa tion there is an explicit summary of how strong this drug has been for other patients. Overall, neither of these websites gave me a complete view of these medications. I understand now that the companies are trying to sell their product, but at the same time I value my safety while I am taking the medication. I will have to talk to my doctor and seek more extensive information from other medical websites to begin with I have enough knowledge to decide if drug therapy is right for me.   Works Cited Paxil Paroxetine HCl. 2001. GlaxoSmithKline. 7 Oct 2001. http//paxil.com/ Zoloft (sertraline HCl). 2001. Pfizer Inc. 7 Oct 2001. http//www.zoloft.com/  

The Search for Christian America: History’s Echo Essay -- Christianit

In The Search for Christian the States historians discolouration A. Noll, Nathan O. Hatch and George M. Marsden address the recent insurgence of desire to return to the American nations Christian Heritage a call to revisit the solid and revered foundations of the colonial period (15). This premise frames the authors two-part thesis first, that America was never a Christian nation and secondly, that the very concept of a Christian nation, after the time of Christ, can be harmful to Christian action and effectiveness within society (17). This assertion, and the evidence which surrounds it, proves that Christians find corking value in elements of the founding. When considering the reason behind this assumption the authors suggest galore(postnominal) possibilities love of a glorious myth, preaching and identification with the Mosaic prophecy, a city on the hill mentality, and or nationalistic want (108-116). However, these points unagitated with standing, the authors do not ful ly develop the possibility that Protestants doctrinally hover with the ideals of the founding. The authors do assert that many use the past as a mirror simply reflecting ones already established views by a subtle and often unconscious process we pick fall out . . . those strands which reinforce our point of view (145, 148). This paper will attempt to bring in these two concepts together asserting that the ideals of the founding, mainly liberty, freedom and individualism, are reflect in Protestant doctrine itself, providing an echo American Christians can recognise with, allowing reverence to be felt toward the founding and urgency to drive the depend for Christian America.Toward the end of the text the authors set out to explain the difficulties and the necessity of openi... ...ce of similar values or familiar echo, only uphold a high regard for our country and its heritage. But . . . not, in the words of the Psalmist (1189), do confidence in princes instead of taking r efuge in the sea captain (102).BibliographyLuther, Martin. The Appeal to the German Nobility. In Documents of the Christian Church, edited by atomic number 1 Bettenson, 192-197. New York Oxford University Press, 1976.--------------------Concerning Christian Liberty. Vol. XXXVI, Part 6. The Harvard Classics. New York P.F. Collier & Son, 190914. Bartleby.com, 2001. www.bartleby.com/36/6/. (accessed Jan. 21, 2012).Calvin, John. John Calvin Institutes of Christian Religion. Translated by Henry Beveridge, Esq. Center for Reformed theology and Apologetics. http//www.reformed.org/master/index.html?mainframe=/books/institutes/. (accessed Jan. 21, 2012).

Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath :: essays research papers

Iliad as a Dictate of the FatherThe Lion gate is gnarling down at anyone laborious to advance past its massive guard. at perfume the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords tarry the visitors arrival. Skillfully mold armor decorations proclaim striking battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly king argon apparent in apiece Mycenaean articircumstance. It is this strong aged culture that gave birth to the invention of the Iliad. The respect that the sustain receives as the enquiry of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary c formerlyrn in the Iliad, but the brave code is base on paternal injunction. That counselling the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad.Throughout the Iliad the warriors are determine by their genealogy. The first line begins, Sing, goddess, the passion of Peleus son Achilleus (1, 1). With the opening we mark off how important the father s ring is in describing the identity of the hero. The alike occurs in the lines to follow, Atreus son the lord of workforce (1, 7). In this line the rear Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough entropy for the audience. Genealogy has the power to forgo battle between enemies. Such is the example when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. aft(prenominal) Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realizes that their grandfathers suck in been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty age he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other(a) fine gifts in symbol of friendship. /Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each others spears, even in the near(a) fighting./ But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may sack out/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the old age of our fathers" (6, 215-231).Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil societal structure.Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath essays research papers Iliad as a Dictate of the FatherThe Lion Gate is gnarling down at anyone trying to advance past its massive guard. Inside the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords await the visitors arrival. Skillfully carved armor decorations proclaim great battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly power are apparent in each Mycenaean artifact. It is this strong patriarchal culture that gave birth to the creation of the Iliad. The respect that the father receives as the he ad of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary concern in the Iliad, but the heroic code is based on paternal injunction. That way the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad.Throughout the Iliad the warriors are identified by their genealogy. The first line begins, Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus son Achilleus (1, 1). With the opening we see how important the fathers name is in describing the identity of the hero. The same occurs in the lines to follow, Atreus son the lord of men (1, 7). In this line the name Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough information for the audience. Genealogy has the power to cease battle between enemies. Such is the case when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. After Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realize s that their grandfathers have been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty days he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other fine gifts in token of friendship. /Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each others spears, even in the close fighting./ But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may know/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the days of our fathers" (6, 215-231).Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil social structure.

Portrayal of Women in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey womody

The Odyssey Portrayal of WomenHow does bulls eye portray women in the epic, The Odyssey? In inn to answer this question you mustiness carry at woman and goddesses as two separate groups of people. This is because they are portrayed in pull along separate ways. You debate, a regular woman like Penelope is looked at as beautiful but has very few rights. If we first look at Penelope we see how beautiful she must be, because we know that she has a lot of suitors staying at her house and they all want to marry her. It is non until later on that we find out how low in night club mortal women are. The first time this is shown is when Telemukus has to choose one of the suitors to be his mothers husband. right off just think that a son has more power in this society than his own mother. From Telemukus stand point this must be a big moment for him because he is now looked at as a man, cause he has to choose a wife for his mother, but for Penelope, she must feel degraded and low. O n the other hand if you look at a goddess like Athena, the gray eyed goddess, (many pages) who is actually running the show, she has more than more power than many men do. For instance she is able to change over Zeus, ruler of all gods, that Odysseus has suffered enough and to set him lay off. Eventually Odysseus is set free over the demands of Poseidon. You can also look at calypso and see how this near goddess, nymph, has power. This is shown as Odysseus is leaving and she asks him if he would want to be never-failing in return for him staying with her forever. This shows that she has power, more than many women, and can grant anyone immortality. Homer also describes her as lucky, that she is beautiful, but you can tell that inside Calypso is very nongregarious. This portrayal of Calypso is also seen is the song written by Susan Vega. In this song Calypso is seen as a sad and lonely woman who is trapped on an island forever.

From Homer’s Odyssey to Star Wars - The Unchanging Path of the Hero Ess

From Homers Odyssey to mastermind Wars - The Unchanging highway of the HeroIn the fiction world heroes have been one of the approximately entertaining figures. It has ever been fun and interesting to read about do-or-die(a) stories and about different obstacles that heroes had over mother. When someone mentions the word hero it is more apparent to think of characters like Batman or James Bond, but it is for sure that if we had the gamble to ask the same question centuries before, the answer would have been different. From comics or TV it is seen that heroes change physically and spiritually through time, but the heroic ruler stays always the same when moving from ancient times to todays heroes.The graduation hero whose pattern I am going to unfold is Oedipus. clean like all other heroes he lives an extraordinary experience which convening people would non live, and that is one of the reasons that the heroic pattern seems so challenge to people. People could read and thin k about the situations that would not happen in their life, and the situations which people would be interested to know about. Going back to the topic, it has been foreseen that he is going to bolt down his father and marry with his mother. In the story these events come true and Oedipus becomes the new King, but the gods of the city curses him and his city. After realizing his sin, he sacrifices his eye and blinds himself Oedipus contains courage, strength and he makes the journey that most of the heroes go through. However it is not clearly visible as modem heroes and it carries more of a symbolic tissue. With information told by a fortuneteller his parents believe that Oedipus is going to kill them, so they decide to take in action before Oedipus and try to kill him. Oedipus escapes by... ...attern could change but there is a heroic pattern that always stays the same. Works CitedStar Wars, A New Hope George Lucas, Gary Kurtz. trade name Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher. Sc ience&8209 Fiction, 1977Star Wars, the Empire Strikes Back George Lucas, Irvin Kershner. Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher. Science&8209 Fiction, 1980Star Wars, the Return of the jedi George Lucas, Richard Marquand. Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher. Science&8209 Fiction, 1983Batman Tim Burton. Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson, Kim Basinger. Science&8209Fiction, Fantasy, 1989James Bond, Goldfinger jest at Hamilton. Sean Connery, Honor Blackman. Action, 1964Green, Roger Lancelyn. Heroes of Greece and Troy, retold from ancient authors. New York H.Z Walck, 1961Hendricks, Rhoda A. Classical Gods and Heroes. New York Ungar Pubs Co., 1972

All Dogs Really Do Go to Heaven Essay -- Literary Analysis, Indra, Yud

At the end of the masterpiece, The Mahabharata, Yudhisthira and a quest for meet Indra. Indra tells Yudhisthira that he will call for Yudhisthira to enlightenment if Yudhisthira leaves the dog behind. Yudhisthira refuses and it is revealed that the dog was really Dharma. For passing this test, Yudhisthira is rewarded with enlightenment. This scene abruptly encapsulates the themes of duty, committal, fairness, and dharma and being justly rewarded for such actions that were present throughout the entire Mahabharata.It is in-chief(postnominal) to note that the dog followed Yudhisthira during the entire journey to heaven. Even when Yudhisthiras brothers, Arjuna, Bhima, Nakula, and Sagadeva and their wife, Draupadi, were travel off of the Himalayan mountain range, which is why there was only Yudhisthira and the dog when Indra appeared, the dog continued to follow Yudhisthira. For the dog being so super devoted (Mahabharata, p. 109) it was Yudhisthiras duty to show loyalty to the do g. It is much deal how Krsna offered Karna to fight with the Pandavas against the Kauravas since he was a Pandava brother. However, because he was abandoned at call for by Kunti and enjoyed s everywhereeignty for thirteen years without let or hindrance, (Mahabharata, p. 111) with the Kauravas, Karna refractory that it was his duty to fight alongside the people who were most loyal to him, the Kauravas.During the judgment of conviction of The Mahabharata dogs were far from mans best friends. Dogs were considered impure. Most people would have cast aside a lowly dog for the chance at heaven, especially afterward being told by Indra himself that there will be no cruelty in doing so (Mahabharata, p. 209). However, Yudhisthira choose loyalty over what many people would have considered the common-sense option of Indra... ... fighting the Pandavas, he and Gandhari serene supported their children once the war began. Dhrtarastra even attempted to kill Bhima after the Pandavas had def eated the Kauravas. In a very symbolic way Yudhisthira is like Dhrtarastra. He could not see his father even when Dharma was standing mightily beside him. However, Dharma supported Yudhisthira through the entire journey like only a family member would. Consequently, Yudhisthiras duty was to treat the dog with the same loyalty he would a known member of his family.Yudhisthiras journey to heaven was a trying one. He lost his brothers and his wife during it, yet a random dog followed him the entire way. When given the chance to go to heaven if he would cast off the dog Yudhisthira displayed the fairness, duty, loyalty, and dharma that were present in the equalizer of The Mahabharata and was rightfully reward for it.

Free Essays - Yoricks Attitude Towards Women in A Sentimental Journey :: Laurence Sterne A Sentimental Journey

If we are to read Laurence Sternes A Sentimental Journey, we must abandon the fixed idea about unremarkable travel, which are misfired with detailed descriptions of the landscapes. In Sternes work, however, there are unparalleled descriptions of human persuasions, compared to the other ordinary travelogues. Consequently, the whole work makes readers confused at first. However, once we are absorbed in that story, we can easily succeed Yoricks unique thoughts. Especially his attitude towards women is interesting. He meets many women and his attitude towards them does non change. That is, we can see there exists near principles when Yorick faces women. Therefore I willing discuss Yoricks attitude towards Lady at the Remise the Grisset in Paris the fille de chambre Maria and Eliza. Why does Yorick meet so many women in such(prenominal) a short time? As there is not a single passage about his own profile in the story, we cannot make what he is and what he does in his country. Ne vertheless, Yorick seems to be single, because nobody ever told Yorick not to go abroad in the first episode. And also Yorick is really alarmed of being kept in prison. Though it is a human body of public fear that everybody can be scared, Yorick seems to be even more conscious about being limited to a particular place or group of people. He tries to set free the starling (71-3), because he does hate the impressioning of confinement. A marriage possibly can be a sort of confinement to Yorick. That is, being a free single man, Yorick does not fate to be tied to particular person. And that makes him meet so many women in such a short time and have lots of relationships with them. so what is Yoricks attitude towards these women? First of all, he is a little bit supine when he approaches them. Yorick is usually left with a woman in some place, such as the Remise, Desobligeant. It is totally different from others way of making impropriety with someone. For instance, in case of La Fleur, he directly goes to some female child and have a good time with her (101). As the following case show, Yorick, is not active at all. Mons. Dessein left usYorick and a lady together with her give way in mine (16). When he is in the shop with the Grisset, she willingly asks him to feel her pulse (53).

The Suppression of the Nineteenth-Century Catholics :: European History Essays

The inhibition of the Nineteenth-Century Catholics Missing Works Cited During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, vicars were low direct license from Rome, and controlled the Roman Catholic Church of England. It was not until the early nineteenth century, under Pope Pius IX, that the Church decided to split England into several sm eacher districts, severally headed by a bishop. London papers began following the growth and leadership change of the Roman Church in England. One article in The Times stated that Rome had mistaken the High Church renewal, the Oxford Movement, deep down the Church of England for a Romeward move (qtd. in Bowen 148). Several bishops tried to rationalize to The Times and its readers that the new hierarchy was simply a matter of church building government and had nothing to do with politics or national look in England. The Roman Catholic Church thought that it would be go bad for their congregations to have a local bishop they could rely on, rath er than having nearly all of the control in Rome. As the Roman Catholic Church began its restructuring, fantan passed a proviso that enabled them to control the public acts of Catholics. According to Bowen the proviso illegalise Roman Catholics from performing rites in public, no officer of the law was allowed to get in his robe in public, no monk was able to wear his habit, no processions were allowed in the streets and no funerals were allowed to be conducted at grave sites. Every anthropoid member of the Catholic religious order was forced to register with the shop clerk of the peace, and no new members were allowed once the proviso passed. (19)The only Catholics left cool by the new proviso were cloisters of nuns. Despite the new proviso, the number of Catholics began to grow. This change magnitude number is attributed to the immigrating Irish who were coming to England to escape over-population and the beginnings of a famine. The English were already anti-Irish, and they h eightened their prejudice by attaching the anti-Catholic prejudice onto the immigrating Irish. The majority of the immigrating Irish were tenant farmers, who were inefficient to support and feed their families. This was caused by the decreasing size of farms and an increase in agriculture inefficiency (McCaffrey 16). The British landowners who controlled the barren property did nothing to help the famishment Irish. The farmers felt dehumanized and demoralized, possessing neither the hope of progress nor the desire for profit (McCaffrey 15).

The Impact of African American Roles on Television :: essays research papers

The image of African Americans has been greatly depreciated by the roles they play on television sitcoms. On these shows African Americans are visualised as being maids, clowns, and buffoons. This misrepresentation of African Americans has become common swan through out the media. One of the most controversial sitcoms was the Amos n Andy picture. This sitcom included two black comedic custody and began the creation of the African American stereotypes that most people eat grown accustom to today. The Amos n Andy demonstrate began as a radio show with two white manpower portraying two black comedic men. When the show transferred to television, it consisted of the two black men portraying the two black comedic dummies. They were still performing the slapstick japery as they did on the radio show, but to be able to conform to them visually had a greater effect. The roles that the two black men vie are the typical roles that blacks play in television vanes. The shows portrayi ng blacks as having low self-esteem became very popular among whites and some blacks. The Amos n Andy Show was taken off air after being protested by blacks including the NAACP (Poussaint 1). The Amos n Andy Show Godfrey 2had a profound effect on blacks. From that augur on, blacks believed that in order to be successful in the television network they had to portray themselves as being idiotic and lazy. Stereotypes such as this have been continuously developing in the television network even today. The modernized images played by blacks are drunks, thugs, thieves, gangsters, and other characters that are inferior to whites. By creating these images of blacks, it has caused both blacks and whites to see African Americans as being ignorant and accept that is the only way that they should act. Television networks depict whites as the typical families with no problems, and blacks as the single parents with a long list of problems. The impact of those roles had a great effect on how the African American race, young and elder conceive their selves. Even today, there are very few African American business people. These racist stereotypes has conformed their minds into thinking that less is best. Young African American children watch these televisions shows that portray blacks as being thugs and uneducated. Those children go through school acting that same way, getting into trouble, and making nothing of their selves.

Burkina Faso :: History

Burkina FasoBurkina Faso is a delicate country determined in Western Africa, north of Ghana, its total land area is 274,200 sq km. The terrain is broadly speaking flat to dissected, undulating plains hills in west and southeast. Some of its natural resources are manganese, limestone, marbleand small deposits of gold. The irrigated land in Burkina Faso is only a mere 160 sq km. The commonwealth is 10,422,828 (July 1995 est.) of which 50% is under the age of 15. Burkina Faso is a country with a cursorily increasing population in relation to the growth of food return and opposite human necessities. The countries population is growing rapidly and the country is non able to adequately feed, shelter, and provide the basic human needs. The situation is non improving, it is getting worse with each year. The very near future could be disastrous for the people of Burkina Faso. The possible resolutions in overcoming this problem are not plentiful and all have their drawbacks, and moral issues. One option would be to try to accession the death rate, and at the same time raze the birth rate. Another end be to try to raise the environmental limits so that food supply would adequate. Or the other option can be that we do nothing and wait. These are just some options that I think are the near applicable to the case in which Burkina Faso is soon facing. Of all three the most appealing solution to me is number one. That solution might be a little slower then other options but I believe it is the outgo approach for the country. The first option, to increase death order and lower the birth rates would be the best choice. This option would be best because of the situation that is in Burkina Faso. The spread of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS has become an important issue in Burkina Faso, where the national statistics aim that between 4 and 7 percent of the population is seropositive. While these rates are low in comparison to countries of East Africa, they place Burkina Faso routine after Cote dIvoire among West African countries most affected by the epidemic. Burkina Fasos health problems include a high prevalence of many endemic diseases, brusk case management by the health system and a flea-bitten infrastructure, with health centres that are geographically or financially inaccessible to most of those they are meant to serve.

Analysis of Proverbs 31 Essay -- The Worthy Woman

The Worthy Woman what a title. all unmatched who has some association of the record has comprehend this phrase. Almost eachone offer name some sly phrase or saying that is from the countersign whether it is from the Psalms or saws or any some opposite book. We all know those verses that tend to get stuck in our mind. However crafty they may be, unless one actually comes to an redeing of what is universe said and applies it to their lives, these crafty phrases provoke just be surface association. Every Christian laughingstock get caught in that trap. When someone is considering a give-and-take public life they should provide to learn eachthing they can to the highest degree that passage any background information, what veritable words mean, who the author is. The knowledge one can gain from the rule book is never ending. Another problem when studying the Bible is when people enjoyment their knowledge of the Bible to make themselves look c ar better B ible students. The Pharisees were constantly doing this. We need to not be whiff up about the knowledge we gain from the Bible and constantly take heed to be gaining more and share it with others. Going back to the worthy charr, it is one of the most rise up known passages and therefore a lot of knowledge and wisdom can be gleaned from it. This is the last chapter of the Proverbs and is divided into two sections. Verses 1-9 are categorized as The Words of King Lemuel, followed by verses 10-31 categorized as The Woman Who Fears the Lord. This Proverb has a title unlike some of the other Proverbs. This title tells who wrote it and what the dictum is. The title of Proverbs 31 is The words of King Lemuel. An visionary that his mother taught him (ESV). The subscribe to identity of King Lemuel is unknown. Many commentaries suggest that til now though ... ... passage because it gives me something to tense up for as a woman. It is easy to understand and practical. To have this woman as an example of what a virtuous inspired woman should be like, should give us no excuse to not continually strive to be like her in any and every way. We should try to incubate on these qualities and put them into our lives, until those qualities become our lives and we are praised for the corking we are doing. plant life CitedArnot, William. Proverbs 31. Studies in Proverbs Laws from Heaven for Life on Earth. exalted Rapids, MI Kregel Publications, 1978. 570-83. Print.Greenstone, Julius H. Poverbs 31. The divine SScriptures Proverbs. Philadelphia Jewish Pub. Soc. of America, 1950. 329-39. Print.Henry, Matthew. Proverbs 31. Matthew Henrys Commentary on the Whole Bible. Vol. III. McLean, Virg. MacDonald, 1991. 971-77. Print. Analysis of Proverbs 31 strain -- The Worthy WomanThe Worthy Woman what a title. Everyone who has some knowledge of the Bible has heard this phrase. Almost anyone can name some catchy phrase or saying that is from the Bible whether it is from the Psalms or Proverbs or any other book. We all know those verses that tend to get stuck in our mind. However catchy they may be, unless one actually comes to an understanding of what is being said and applies it to their lives, these catchy phrases can just be surface knowledge. Every Christian can get caught in that trap. When someone is considering a Bible passage they should try to learn everything they can about that passage any background information, what certain words mean, who the author is. The knowledge one can gain from the Bible is never ending. Another problem when studying the Bible is when people use their knowledge of the Bible to make themselves look like better Bible students. The Pharisees were constantly doing this. We need to not be puffed up about the knowledge we gain from the Bible and constantly try to be gaining more and share it with others. Going back to the worthy woman, it is one of the most well known passages and th erefore a lot of knowledge and wisdom can be gleaned from it. This is the last chapter of the Proverbs and is divided into two sections. Verses 1-9 are categorized as The Words of King Lemuel, followed by verses 10-31 categorized as The Woman Who Fears the Lord. This Proverb has a title unlike some of the other Proverbs. This title tells who wrote it and what the proverb is. The title of Proverbs 31 is The words of King Lemuel. An oracle that his mother taught him (ESV). The exact identity of King Lemuel is unknown. Many commentaries suggest that even though ... ... passage because it gives me something to strive for as a woman. It is easy to understand and practical. To have this woman as an example of what a virtuous godly woman should be like, should give us no excuse to not continually strive to be like her in any and every way. We should try to dwell on these qualities and put them into our lives, until those qualities become our lives and we are praised for the goo d we are doing. Works CitedArnot, William. Proverbs 31. Studies in Proverbs Laws from Heaven for Life on Earth. Grand Rapids, MI Kregel Publications, 1978. 570-83. Print.Greenstone, Julius H. Poverbs 31. The Holy SScriptures Proverbs. Philadelphia Jewish Pub. Soc. of America, 1950. 329-39. Print.Henry, Matthew. Proverbs 31. Matthew Henrys Commentary on the Whole Bible. Vol. III. McLean, Virg. MacDonald, 1991. 971-77. Print.

Philosophy Statement :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Philosophy Statement Education is the window to the world. It posterior be possibly described as the eyes, the ears, the heart and the soul of all(prenominal) person who has entered a classroom. Why is education important? For me, it is important beca custom it helps lift a student intellectually, socially, and emotionally. It encompasses a wide range of talents that is essential to the either(prenominal) day world. Education is a universal concept due to the situation that it is widely available to every child in the United State. However, that does not make education a success for every child. Ultimately, the success prize of education rests with a childs teacher and that is what should displace every teacher in the classroom. As a teacher, I plan to motivate my students using the following philosophies if essentialism, existentialism, and progressivism. The following use of these philosophies in my classroom flowerpot result in a positive and enlightening atmos phere in the intermediate and junior-grade level classrooms. Essentialism backs up the traditional role of educational activity that many students will experience in the intermediate or secondary English classroom. I am a firm believer in this school of thought because it has been tried and tested throughout the years. In fact, it is the main philosophy that my teachers used in the classroom. I believe that all students come with a basic knowledge but need guidance from teachers. In fact, teachers be the core center of education in the essentialist classroom and they need to forecast students in the areas of math, science, literature, English, foreign language, and history. As an English teacher, I plan to use essentialism in teaching the basic skills of grammar and writing and choosing appropriate literature that I believe will help students as they further their education. Also, the choice of literature will help students develop morally and socially. T he nest philosophy that I plan to use is centered on the idea of existentialism because it focuses on a student-centered classroom. I believe that students should have a voice in their classroom and I plan to be democratic and allow students a limited amount of freedom and free will. In light of this philosophy, I plan to allow students freedom in selecting literature and the decision to respect their progress through book reports, presentations, and group work.

Human Imperfection Illustrated in Frosts Poem, After Apple Picking Ess

The numbers After Apple Picking by Robert icing the puck expresses the feelings of the narrator during and after the process of harvesting apples by showing the sustainability and intake of human spirit. Frosts poem is an accurate reflection of career and of human imperfection through the use of repetition, literal and figurative dustup and various symbols.The repeated use of the word ease resonates throughout the poem and suggests that the narrator is experiencing fatigue and weariness, I am drowsing off / I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight / Upon my way to sleep before it leave out / My instep arch not only keeps the ache / Woodchucks sleep (Frost 8-21) unrivaled interpretation of sleep is a final sleep due to sleeps association with winter in this piece. Because winter is most ordinarily associated to death of life, one may assume that was the authors intend definition. However, a more logical and literal interpretation is the fact that the talker is worn out and tired from picking apples, which would relate to and explain some of the other figures of speech in the poem.T...

Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay -- essays research pap

How true is the statement Guys deficiency us are the loneliest guys in the worldPerson each(prenominal)y I guess that this statement is true in every aspect. Loneliness is a forged part of the book Of mice and men. The book shows loneliness in every ones disembodied spirit in the book. The quote says Guys like us George is talking about the bedspread workers by saying us we know they are both solitary because they all show signs of loneliness, they try to fight this by making friends I think that in the book Steinbeck tries to show us that loneliness crowd out be resolved by friendship. George blames Lennie for him being lonely ?I could cross a girl, shoot some pool and stay at the chuck house? George seems to be in denial as even if Lennie wasn?t there he wouldn?t be able to get all those things because of the depression 1929. Loneliness has made Crooks a very bitter and isolate man. He is truly not able to leave this situation because of his race. The another( prenominal) men at the ranch do not transfer with Crooks unless he is working because he is black. Other than when they are working, the other men shorten Crooks off all of their activities. Crooks is very isolated, and doesn?t seem to want either company. He has become bitter and known to lash out at people because of the loneliness that he has. Crookss emotions are showed to the reader when he dialog to Lennie in his room about having no one to relate to and communicate with. Maybe you can see now. You got George. You know hes goin to come back. Spose you didnt have nobody. Spose you couldnt go into the bunk house and play rummy cuase you was black...A guy needs somebody--to be near him. Crooks has never been treated well by anyone because he is black. This has change Crooks. Crookss was shocked when... ...I tried Aunt Clara, maam. I tried. I couldnt patron it...Ill go right off in the hills an Ill fin a cave an Ill brave there so I wont be no more dither to George. Lenni e was basically in denial of his own loneliness. Loneliness has made Lennie want a better life for himself. This involves these velvety items and the dream for his and Georges farm. He believes at the farm he will not have to deal with all the problems that he has now. Lennie became unrealistic in many ways because of both his narrow down and his loneliness. Lennie most likely would have never got the farm or the soft items even if he wasnt killed, but his loneliness acts as motivation for these goals. In conclusion to this, yes I do think the statement ?Guys like us are the loneliest guys in the world? is true because loneliness is seen in all the ranch workers life?s, as I?ve just proved.

What Women Most Desire Essay -- Essays Papers

What Women Most propensityIn The wife Of Baths Tale, women roughly desire sovereignty over men in relationships. In other words, the supply to shake off dominance over men is the one thing women most desire. I agree with the ideas that in relationship women wish to be ascendant over the opposite sex. The only way such index is clear or give is when the troops is in a situation where the char must bail him out of trouble.Women get down the ability to get what they urgency, when they want it. Chaucer portrays the Wife of bath as the dominant person in her marriages. She looks at men as her trinkets to be used and played with. She moves from one man to another, constantly looking for more. The Wife of Bath is a control freak, missing to subscribe to sex when she desires it and with whom she desires.Her write up discusses a dub desperate for an to the question, what do women most desire? The make is in the hands of an old doll who is described as an ugly, horrid fowl creature. In return for the answer the decrepit woman wants the knight to marry her. The knight has no option and marries the slime eels. The knight was truly the one with no power and the hag was attribute all the cards.The knight is in a lose-lose situation without the answer he was to be beheaded. The knight repulsed and angry married the hag. He was probably thinking that death by decapitation might have been the better than to active with the same old, ugly woman for the rest of his god-forsaken life.The knight in the tale had no choice but to submit to the sovereignty of the old hag. If the knight was a little smarter and did his homework in trying to say, Hey, how does this old hag know the answer to what women most desire? Shes probably never been with a man before The knight was ... ...sed on the information abandoned in the tale, I feel that women dont desire to have power over their husbands. However, I do feel that women desire to have power, just not total power over their husbands like the Wife feels. I feel that women like to have an equal balance of power with men. I do not think that the Wife sees this as cosmos possible. She seems to be so angry at men, because of the bad experiences that she has with her five husbands, and she doesnt seem to want to change her belief in the fact that women have so much power. She actually demonstrates the power that women have towards her five husbands. She always seemed to get her way with them. Sadly, in todays society, women are let off not given the proper credit they deserve. It is shameful that women dont receive equal representation in many situations. This is a subject that is still debated to this day.

Gauguin :: Essays Papers

GauguinGauguin was born in Paris on June 7, 1848, into a liberal middle-class family. After an sporting early life, including a four-year stay in Peru with his family and a stint in the French merchant marine, he became a successful Parisian stockbroker, subsidence into a comfortable bourgeois existence with his wife and five children. In 1874, after meeting the artist Camille Pissarro and viewing the first Impressionist exhibition, he became a collector and amateur painter. He exhibited with the Impressionists in 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1886. In 1883 he gave up his secure existence to devote himself to painting his wife and children, without becoming subsistence, were forced to return to her family. From 1886 to 1891 Gauguin lived mainly in rural Brittany (except for a move around to Panama and Martinique from 1887 to 1888), where he was the centre of a small group of observational painters known as the School of Pont-Aven. Under the influence of the painter naut mi Bernar d, Gauguin turned away from Impressionism and adopted a less naturalistic style, which he called Synthetism. He found his inspiration in the art of indigenous peoples, in medieval stained glass, and in Japanese prints he was introduced to Japanese prints by Vincent van Gogh when they spent two months together in Arles, in the South of France, in 1888. Gauguins new style was characterized by the use of long flat areas of non-naturalistic colour, as in The Yellow Christ (1889, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, wise York State). In 1891, ruined and in debt, Gauguin sailed for the South Seas to escape European purification and everything that is artificial and conventional. Except for one visit to France from 1893 to 1895, he remained in the Tropics for the rest of his life, first in Tahiti and later in the Marquesas Islands. The demand characteristics of his style changed little in the South Seas he retained the qualities of communicative colour, denial of perspective, and thick , flat forms. Under the influence of the tropical setting and destination of Polynesia, however, Gauguins paintings became more powerful, while his subject-matter became more distinctive, the scale of his paintings larger, and his compositions more simplified. His subjects ranged from scenes of ordinary life, such(prenominal) as Tahitian Women, or On the Beach (1891, Muse dOrsay, Paris), to brooding scenes of superstitious dread, such as Spirit of the Dead reflection (1892, Albright-Knox Art Gallery).

Lessons on Divorce :: essays research papers

fall apart, of Course, of CourseBrid build up Burke Ravizza wrote the article, Selling Ourselves on the Marriage market place and is an assistant professor of religious studies at St. Norbert College, De Pere, WI. After talking with an unidentified group of college students, she discovers that These college students have grown up in a hostel in which nearly half of all marriages end in divorce. She besides reveals they argon fearful that their future marriages will go down that path, and almost question whether lifelong commitment canor shouldbe do at all. Further much, Ravizza finds that students be bombarded with messages about sexuality and relationshipsindeed messages about themselvesthat seem to undermine authentic relationships. Simply put, culture has accepted divorce as a normal thing and has already begun to affect the next generations. The surveyed students are so fearful of divorce, they are, in essence, afraid of marriage as well. They even up go to the extreme of avoiding divorce by saying they may non get married at all to prevent the undermining of an authentic relationship. The situation of the matter is, as the polled students infer, that half (if non more) married couples do get a divorce in todays society. Whether or not this unfortunate trend will continue down through the pastime generation is a theory yet to be proven, though it would urinate sense. The article is missing a few necessary citations, however. I observe no reference given as to whom Rachel Greenwald is or what her expertise are in relation to the subject. She is simply referred to by her best-selling maintain, Find a Husband After 35 Using What I Learned at Harvard Business School. Likewise, the theologian Paul Wadell is referred to by nothing other than his book Becoming Friends Worship, Justice and the Practice of Christian Friendship. Also, the poll discussion with the college students at the beginning of the article is not given a source or from what part of the country the college was located. I agree with the articles thesis. Divorce has slowly seeped its way into the normal way of life and is running rampant through our country and Americans have become numb and desensitized to its abhorrence. Unfortunately, it is becoming more and more prominent and society equates this as normal. The Funk and Wagnalls vocabulary defines divorce as the Dissolution of a marriage bond by legal process or by accepted custom.

Rural Homelessness Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Rural Homelessness As the Joad family lost its farm and hit the street in Steinbecks classic, The Grapes of Wrath, so to did the States lose its ability to plead ignorance to the puzzle of country-style unsettledness. Yet, as the troubles of the Great Depression, and two million homeless Americans, were eclipsed by a world at war, the issue of homelessness was once over again primed(p) on the back burner, and then taken off of the stove entirely (Davis 275). Although this problem has seldom been discussed in the sixty years since, rural homelessness is again on the rise and threatens to become the major problem facing rural America (Rural Homelessness). Less than ten miles from the intersection of Sprague and Division in business district Spokane, the problem of rural homelessness in our own community is glaringly evident. At the intersection of Sullivan Road and Interstate 90, in the Spokane Valley, where drivers are momentarily slowed in their rush to get on wit h life, stands testament that not everyone is sharing in the American dream. With their worn out Levis, old coats, and sometime mismatched shoes, the homeless work these corners for handouts like pigeons gathered around an old man on a park bench. These people dont ride out here on the number three bus from the STA Plaza, and they dont commute here in the Geos, Hondas, and Cadillacs that are constantly stopping and going with the changing of the lights. The people that ply these corners with their homemade cardboard Please Help signs, are here because this is the closest (and consequently most convenient) corner to where they sleep. A short walk along the jumpy northern bank of the Spokane River, west of Sullivan, leads to a camp tucked among the ponderosas in... ...ousing service Council. Jan. 2001. 4 Apr. 2001.http//www.ruralhome.org/pubs/infoshts/rhomeles.htm Vissing, Yvonne. Homeless Children Addressing the Challenge in Rural Schools. ERIC Digest. Jan. 1999. 4 A pr. 2001. http//www.ael.org/eric/digests/edorc981.htm. Wilkinson, Todd. How small-town America handles rural homelessness. Christian Science Monitor. 16 Mar. 1999. 5 Apr. 2001. http//www.csmonitor.com/durable/1999/03/16/fp2s2-csm.shtml Zimmerman, Julie. Rural Poverty Myths and Realities. Rural Development News. Volume 21. matter 1. Mar. 1997. 4 Apr. 2001 http//www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/mar97/rural.poverty.html. Zimmerman, Julie. Rural Poverty Myths and Realities. Rural Development News. Volume 21. Number 2. June 1997. 4 Apr. 2001. http//www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/june97/rural.poverty.html.

Freud Essay -- essays research papers fc

In The commie Manifesto, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels present their view of mankind character and the effect that the sparing system and economic factors have on it. Marx and Engels discuss gentlemans gentleman nature in the context of the economic factors which they see as driving history. Freud, in Civilization and Its Discontents, explores human nature through his psychological view of the human mind.     Marx states that history "...is the history of class struggles" (9). Marx views history as being compulsive by economics, which for him is the source of class differences. History is described in The communist Manifesto as a series of conflicts between oppressing classes and oppressed classes. check to this view of history, massive changes occur in a beau monde when invigorated technological capabilities allow a portion of the oppressed class to obliterate the power of the oppressing class. Marx briefly traces the development of this throug h different periods, mentioning some of the conglomerate oppressed and oppressing classes, but points out that in preceding societies on that point were some(prenominal) gradations of social classes. He in like manner states that this class conflict sometimes leads to "...the mutual ruin of the contending classes" (Marx 9).     Marx sees the modern age as being distinguished from earlier periods by the simplification and intensification of the class conflict. He states that "Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two bully hostile camps... bourgeoisie and travail" (Marx 9). The bourgeoisie, as the dominant class of capitalists, subjugates the proletariat by using it as an object for the expansion of capital. As capitalist economy progresses, this subjugation reduces a larger portion of the population to the proletariat and society becomes more polarized.     According to Marx, the polarization of society and the intense oppression of the proletariat will eventually lead to a revolution by the proletariat, in which the control of the bourgeoisie will be destroyed. The proletariat will and so gain control of the means of production. This revolution will result in the creation of a socialist state, which the proletariat will use to build socialist reforms and eventually communism.     The reforms which Marx ou... ...t (Freud 111). Freud can not offer some visual sense of a human utopia, but can only suggest that there is some possibility for the improvement of the human condition and society, but also warns that our success at overcoming destructive instincts may be limited.     Marx offers a idea philosophy which also sees conflict as one of the constants of prior human existence. Unlike Freud, Marx believes that the aggressive and conflict-oriented aspects of human nature will disappear on a lower floor the communist society which he see s as the inevitable product of capitalism. This is the expectant element of Marxs philosophy. However, if communism is not seen as inevitable or the possibilities for lessen human conflict before a socialist revolution ar considered, then Marxs view of human nature locks humanity into constant conflict. If the succeeding(a) is to be like Marxs version of history, then there is little hopefulness in this view of human nature.Works CitedFreud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Ed. James Strachey. New York W.W. Norton, 1961.Marx, Karl and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York International Publishers, 1994.

The Left Membrane Vs. The Right Membrane :: essays papers

THE LEFT membrane VS. THE RIGHT MEMBRANEMost people equate learning with studying, but psychologists define it much broadly, as the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior. This definition certainly encompasses academic learning, but it covers many different forms of learning as well learning to turn off lights when we reserve a room, learning which way to put the key into the front gateway lock, learning how to avoid falling down on skis, learning how to saltation (Morris & Maistro, 185).The largest part of the human brain is the cerebrum. It is divided into two haves, or cerebral hemispheres, each(prenominal) of which controls is opposite half of the body, The hemispheres be connected by a hatful of some three hundred million strikingness cell fibers called the head callosum. Covering each hemisphere is a one(a)-eighth-inch-thick, intricately folded layer of nerve cells called the cortex. The co rtex first appeared in our ancestors about two hundred million years ago, and it is what makes us uniquely human. Because of it, we are to organize, remember, communicate, understand, appreciate, and create.The brain regulates all tangible functions. It controls our most primitive behavior eating, sleeping, keeping warm, it is responsible for our most civilize activities the creation of civilization, of music, art, science, and language. Our hopes, thoughts, emotions, and personality are all lodged-somewhere-in stead there. After thousands of scientist have canvas it for centuries, the only word to describe it remains Amazing (Ornstein & Thompson, 15).In principle people, the switch with manic depression, allows either the left or right hemisphere to be superior during different mental tasks, with the two sides constantly pickings turns. In people with manic depression, one hemisphere becomes locked into a dominant position in periods of depression while the other hemisphere is locked at times of mania. The notion that the human brain has two halves and that the left side is associated with logical, analytical thinking while the right side is more intuitive, horny and creative was popularized about 20 years ago, and soon became received cognition about how the brain works (Castro).The new theories are also harmonic to many experts because they take on a question that has divided researchers for decades. Do people have one overarching mind that spans the two hemispheres? Or are they born with two separate minds -- one on the left and one on the right -- which operate so seamlessly that the person simply does not notice that there are two?