Activity based costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

application ground existing - Essay ExampleWith this new era of cost reduction and resource utilization,managers always afford to come up with ways to maximize their bottom-line One of the newest ways how companies can get increased cost-savings is by use a technique called Activity base Costing ( first rudiment). The main objective of this type of brass is proper identification of all cost categories and using basing decisions on this information. Most organizations that use ABC systems agree two costing systems the official costing system that is used for preparing external financial reports and the Activity establish Costing system that is used for internal decision making and for managing activities. Table of Contents Executive compact 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Recent Studies in ABC 3 Role of ABC in Industries 4 Role in Manufacturing 5 Role in pecuniary Services 6 Role in Health Services 7 Role in sell 8 Role in Government 9 Limitations of ABC 10 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Introduction The main objective of Activity Based Costing is to understand the various types of disk overheads that are touch the business. In comparison, normal accounting attempts to separate the different type of cost and the focus is on the cost of goods sold (or cost of services rendered in case of service companies). In this section, analysis of the various aspects of Activity Based Costing will be done, and how it is used effectively by managers in order to ready the maximum value for the company. A number of examples will also be looked into when it did not prove to be very effective for the organizations. The basis of Activity Based Costing is simple, non-manufacturing as well as manufacturing costs may be assigned to products. Moreover, some manufacturing costs may be excluded from product costs. All overhead costs are attached to a product and activity is used as a footstep of all the costs involved. The overhead rates or activity rates may be fou nd on the level of activity at capacity rather than on the budgeted level of activity. To compensate for the deficiencies of the pompous information systems, ABC requires firms to collect costs in specially constructed activity pools rather than service departments or overhead cost centers. Each of the pools corresponds to a group of similar business processes or activities that are self-coloured in that all costs assigned to the pool are influenced or driven by a common factor (Rafiq & Garg 2002). Recent Studies in ABC A prove in the year 2005 reason that nearly half (55%) of respondents suggested within their entirety that their companies were at that time making use of the Activity Based Costing either in an active fashion or in a pilot with other 32% considering use. Only one in ten which amounted to around 11% did not contemplate using the ABC. The manufacturing industry had the highest representation with 24%, followed by financial services at 18%, public sphere of influe nce at 16%, and communications at 8%. Other industries accounted for less than 5% each. The same study found out that out of all the industries being considered, the communication industry is the most aggressive in adopting the ABC system (Timlin 1998). The primary reason for this being that the Activity Based Costing uses various activities to report overhead directly to cost objects, such as products, processes, services, etc., avoiding the distortions of traditional costing systems. In order for the ABC system to be affective large investments will have to be made in IT to software documentation this need for categorical information. Role of ABC in Industries Now taking a look at the different industries and trying to analyze how ABC system is used to achieve different goals according to the company. era company goals may vary greatly, the purpose here is to identify how Activity Based Co

Forensic Pathologys Role in Homicide Investigations Research Paper

Forensic Pathologys Role in Homicide Investigations - Research newspaper publisher ExampleToday, when stopping point occurs that raises suspicion, a rhetorical investigation is conducted so as to understand the cause of death, the individualism of the deceased, time, and place where the death occurred, how the death occurred, as well as the circumstances of the death (Wecht & Kaufmann, 2009). However, unlike the investigations ab initio conducted by cor unmatchablers, forensic investigations atomic number 18 conducted by professionally trained medical examiners so as to seduce the real cause of death. What is notable is that forensic investigation of the cause of death is multi-disciplinary that entails the collaboration of forensic pathologist, forensic scientists, wickedness scene investigators (CSIs), entomologists, anthropologists, as well as odontologists among other specialists (Wecht & Kaufmann, 2009). This paper will explore the roles of forensic pathologist in homici de investigations.A forensic pathologist refers to a professional medical doctor acting autopsies on people whose deaths have occurred suddenly, unexpectedly or due to poisonings or trauma (Robinson & Cina, 2011). The causes of such deaths are not easy to determine without a special postmortem investigations being conducted on the body to launch the real cause of death and the circumstances that led to the death. Generally when a death has been reported, it is the responsibility of crime scene investigators (CSIs) to move to the scene of the accident and carry out preliminary investigations as to the cause of death (Robinson & Cina, 2011). Nevertheless, it has come out that some deaths especially those involving sudden deaths resulting from homicide such as serial murders are not easy to establish without a postmortem thereby calling for forensic pathologists to carry out investigations.Therefore, one of the major roles of forensic pathologists as far as the investigation of homic ide is concerned is the

Education for Global Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education for Global Society - Essay ExampleThese rules and techniques strengthen the schoolchilds desire to get a calveicular degree which whitethorn not be available in his homeland.Diversity can come to both the environment of the class and the students. The linguistic process differences whitethorn lead the students to a communication gap. Students belonging to antithetic husbandry face contrary problems in accordance to their living standards. The skill level of the students depends upon their origin and culture. acquisition levels are greatly enhanced if the standard of the pedagogy system is according to their level. For standard a student of China would face difficulties while studying in the USA. This is because the student is not able to cope up with the standards of education in USA as he has always studied in the standards of China. He may face difficulties in understanding the language and writing according to the standards in USA. Culture is an important part in the students lives. If a person belongs to the USA he would have no difficulties in adjusting to the university environment. Similarly a person who is not of the USA culture might face some difficulties in adjusting to the environment. ... In clubhouse to hand over a safe and sound environment to the students, paraprofessionals who belong to different cultures should be present there. Paraprofessionals of different heritages may help the students to study with accordance to the standards required in a particular university. They may provide the student with a sense of relief and security as the student belonging to different culture might not be feeling that secure with a paraprofessional of different culture. Parents of the students should also be handled decent by the teachers. The teachers should know that what environment and culture do the parents belong and then must treat the parents accordingly. For example the teachers should tell the parents about the environment of the university with accordance to their culture. The teacher should be completely aware of the multicultural students and the teacher should also know about the standards of education of students of different culture. For example the teacher should know about the standards of education of China and should not force the student from China to work on the standards of USA immediately. If the student is beingness forced to study on a standard of which he is not aware, it is possible that he may suffer from other problems like he may be discouraged by the environment and perhaps may quit his efforts to progress. (Opsahl 1996) If a teacher is teaching in a class where students from many different cultures are present he should always be careful about speaking in the recompense tone and accent so that all the students even who have a different native language can understand what the teacher is commending to

Racial Communitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racial Communitarianism - Essay ExampleThis is a post-post-modernist development in the comprehend that it engulfs not only traditions of libertarianism, modernity of civil society and peculiar amalgamation of both these to bring fore something anew as good governance but also its quest for a balanced construct of State and social ethos.Racial Communitarianism thus reflects a search and global movement for equal heed and opportunities to people of all races in the pursuance of their duties as human beings and citizens of a global civil society. Rights go out then be natural corollary of duties so performed professionally.Communitarianism is also an attempt to work towards fighting various apparently fascist tendencies of libertarianism such as overarching power channels and structures like the Security Council of the United Nations and the all all-powerful stature of the President of United States despite inherent checks and balances in the political system.Communitarianism is , indeed, an emerging movement to go beyond the shackles of a sovereign nation-state. It is moving ahead into the realms of a global civil society tackling a number of its issues and problems on its own without always looking up to the State for all its solution.Standing on ones own feet, preserving ones self-respect, economic and multicultural empowerment alongwith individual based and logically viable soc

Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and Essay

Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression - test ExampleWomen hold important positions in the armed forces including military police, intelligence, as pilots, as physicians, as physiotherapist, for transportation, as mechanics, civil affairs etc. It is really pitiful that their efforts are undermined and are always treated as less victimized when compared with their male counterparts. They perform small but imperative jobs and their contribution cannot be diluted. even though women are expelled from allocating in straight combat specialties encompassing infantry or armor, but they do endow with varied support as travelling outside military base, working with the combat soldiers, photo to fire or victimized under any casualty (Hoge, 2007). Research findings reveal that there survive a gender difference if veterans are screened for depression, PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), pain, obesity etc (Haskell, 2010). Screening of veterans nonplus b een performed and it was instituted the prevalence of MST and depression amongst the female veterans. Results disclose that almost 14% of the female veterans were positive for MST while half(a) of the females (48%) were found to be the sufferers of severe depression, indicating that females are at double risk of depression irrespective of ethnical or racial milieu or financial standing.

Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the Essay

Explain the differences between the regulation of spontaneous abortion in the United solid ground and the United States of America and speculate how any reforms may occur - Essay ExampleThe first is when a womans gestation period seems to be life threatening. The latter term refers to any significant risks to some(prenominal) the sensible and mental health of the patient. The medical risk must be something assessed by twain furbish ups if the pregnancy has exceeded twenty four weeks. In the event that the pregnancy would cause severe medical damage to a mother or that it happens to be a medical emergency, then consent from just one doctor is enough to terminate the pregnancy. 2The second circumstance that would allow for an abortion in the United country is in the event that the unborn child will have extreme mental or physical abnormalities. The abnormalities must be certified by a medical practitioner. It should be noted that the above two restrictions apply in Wales, Scotl and, and England but not in Northern Ireland. All in all, abortions in the UK be illegal except for medical reasons.In this country, abortion was legalised in the 1970s after the proverbial strip of Roe v. Wade. However in that location argon still numerous laws in place to regulate abortions so as to ensure that it is done well the first among these be the TRAP laws. 3 These are laws are directed towards medical practitioners offering abortions and do not apply to other types pf practitioners. The government introduced this so that there could be greater safety in the process of conducting abortions. These laws mostly dwell on the way the abortion procedure is conducted rather than the choices made prior to the abortion. Consequently, the laws normally affect doctors rather than mothers but the effects are also felt by women. His first requirement in these laws is that doctors offering abortion services necessitate to have a valid licence and failure to do so will result in fi nes. The other one is that the department of health can check on performance of procedures during any second of operation, clinics are

Does the assumption and implementation of corporate social Essay

Does the assumption and implementation of corporate social responsibility makes businesses more triple-crown - Essay ExampleIt encompasses two broad views in general. The first cardinal is that the companies share the wealth they progress to with either the caller they operate in or other under privileged societies. The other is managing their activities in a more ethically and morally responsible way. It is the voluntary exceeding of the societys expectations of the business and it is agreed that it is majorly unnatural by how the company manages its core businesses. (Baker) Corporate Social responsibility is extremely important to a companys business. correspond to a survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, Corporate responsibility is affecting the relationship surrounded by companies and their various stakeholders, such as investors, customers, vendors, suppliers, employees, communities and governments. (Doebele, 2005) Underlying principles The Corporate responsibility tr end is being driven by a large number of factors. Companies which do not engage in social responsibility powerfulness be viewed as unethical as peoples trust in large organizations is already waning. The rise in the corporate governance movement, globalization of businesses and the competition presented by rivals all contribute to a firms increasing invade in corporate responsibility. The benefits of corporate responsibility may prove never ending for an organization. ... They include environmental guidance, issues management and stake holders management. There will be times when two or more of these management areas will be integrated to form one areas of concern. Foreg in 1994 BHP Billtons shareholders were concerned about the company do environmental damage in Papua New Guinea. (Gail Thomas, 2006) There have been multiple arguments in esteem of support corporate social responsibilities for businesses. It has been said that practicing a business enables many things in the soc iety and businesses are interdependent upon a healthy, well-developed and economically sound society for its proper functioning. Improved quality of life for employees and citizens should be one of the top priority for all ethical businesses and this is only fulfilled if they practice giving back to the society or caring capitalism as Niall Fitzgerland, chairman Unilever calls it. Since the main responsibility that the company owes is towards itself-importance, the company has to tick off that fulfilling responsibility is both beneficial to itself and the society, but ensures that the company survives in the long run. People in favor of corporate social responsibility clearly state that CSR enhances the view of the company in the eyes of the customers and generates a loyal customer base. Others state that fulfilling CSR also provides unmatched promotion and publicity for the company which is again precise necessary for the success of the company. Last but not the least practicing social responsibility raises the morale and self esteem of the employees of the company and they feel good about the contributions and are more likely to work efficiently and develop into diligent workers. Boyle and Boguslaw (Boyle, 2007,

Survey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Survey - Research Paper ExampleAchieving the craved goals entails hard work and dedication. Improving the body shape is a critical part of in ascertain ones self image, and hence having the goal in mind is always key to help one crowd together through the program. A fitness program has one main aim which is to stimulate ones metabolism resulting in a reduction of body fats.Gathering the right information involves knowing all(prenominal) the facts about increase the rate of metabolism. eat the right quantities of food in the diet plays a critical role. Proteins play an main(prenominal) role in supporting and building the muscles which are very active tissues in metabolism process. Consuming sufficient proteins every day is therefore key in the success of the program. Another important dowry in diet is carbohydrates, which act as the source of energy calories. The ideal diet combination involving all the food components would include protein the size of a palm, complex carbohydra tes, the size of a fist and a parting of vegetables the size of a fist.Adopting a regular exercise program is key in attaining fitness. Weight procreation is an important aspect in the exercise program as it helps in building muscles that assist in burning fats and calories, increases the rate of metabolism, helps create better shape and improves body strength and endurance. Regular work outs should too include cardiovascular exercises that lead to increased energy levels and improved cardiovascular

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply and Demand Analytical Paper - subsidization ExampleEverybody knows that apple compete with quality for it to remarkably set a highly competitive monetary value for its product offerings. In the case of Apple, competitive price does not necessarily mean to be start out prices comp ared to its competitors. In fact, in most of the time, it is higher(prenominal) than the some others. However, it is clear that in that location is an ongoing high demand for Apples iPhone products despite its comparatively higher price than the competitors offerings.The law of demand states that the price is highly associated with the bout of quantity demanded and vice versa. This means that there go out be more quantity demanded for a real offering if the price goes down or as the price goes down, more quantity for the product will be demanded. As stated in Figure 1, the law of demand simply states that price has a linear relationship with the number of quantity demanded.However, knowing tha t Apple sells iPhone products at a price higher than its competitors, considering a staggering increase of its r horizontalue and profit, is an indication of increasing demand for its product offerings.On the other hand, there is a significant indication that the use of mobile phones has become a reality or part of life. In Europe alone, there was an ongoing perception that there will be no enough available frequency to satisfy the demand for talking, texting and surfing the Net on mobile phones (OBrien). The stagger spectrum is simply becoming a limited commodity for as long as more users are inclined to buy mobile phones and use them for either talking, texting or surfing the Net. As a result, there is no question as to why there is an increasing demand for Apples iPhone even if it was set at a higher price. Mobile phones, particularly smart phones, are not barely wants but are becoming strong basic commodities.Apple has continued innovation of products that have modify functio nalities that are known to use wider broadcast spectrums. In this case,

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microeconomics - Essay ExampleNow, there is only a single supplier of white potato chip all across the region (Brigham, 1976). As all steadfastlys decided to merge together to effect a single monopoly, straightaway there will be barriers to entry in the industry as no further soakeds brush aside enter the market easily and threaten the existence of existing firms. The firm is now protected against any other foreign threat as no other firm can enter the market to compete with it. This monopoly is owned by a single firm and so the business enjoys the benefit of having the entire market share to itself without any pressure or constraints. However, this monopoly is not a natural monopoly and so it can charge its customers with whatever price suits it and gain higher profits. A monopoly to a fault craps goods and services by producing required quantity at a price where marginal greet equals marginal revenue just like any other market grammatical construction. But, it can also cho ose to sterilise a price at which quantity is demanded where price might exceed the marginal cost (Case, 1996). Monopoly is exceedingly beneficial to society and consumers as well. Large firms usually attain the benefit of gaining from economies of scale. Economies of scale is increase in efficiency as the number of goods produced by a firm increases. Due to economies of scale, the Average cost hack goes downwards. If the fall in Average cost curve is very large so a monopolizer can charge its consumers a lower price and gene compute a higher output than the monopolistic competition of the market. This way, monopolist maximizes the profits. Marginal cost becomes equal to marginal revenue at this point. This means that now the consumers can enjoy potato chips at a lower price than it was when the market was monopolistic imputable to huge producer surplus. The society gains as well (Allen, 2005). As this monopoly is privately owned, and not a regimen regulated natural monopoly, g overnment does not have any say here. But it can produce revenues for the entire economy in take a hop of more than and more exports. This single firm can coming back advantage of economies of scale from its home economy and maintain a cost advantage through which it can exploit the international market and can sell at a relatively cheap rate abroad. Governments do gain when the economies prosper as now government receives more money in form of taxes which it can utilize in infrastructure and other welfare activities (Allen, 2005). However, the change from monopolistic market structure to monopoly does come with a lot of changes in profits and revenues. In a monopolistic competition, the industry counterbalance of a huge number of firms, each one of those have relatively lilliputian size as compared to total market. That is why no firm can affect the overall market price because of its small size. But, in a monopolistic structure, firms can differentiate their output by having some control over price (Allen, 2005). The short-run equilibrium of monopolistic market is achieved by setting the price where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. The profits of a firm arise by entrance of similar products by different firms in the market where every firm competes for only a percentage of the total demand. Whenever a new firm enters the market, the demand curve shifts downwards due to which profits remain no more (Allen, 2005). Now due to large entrants of firms in the market, the individual demand curve shifts to the left. Here, the zero profit embodiment arises where

Experiment Convenience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experiment Convenience - Assignment ExampleThese are necessary for depart health. Cornflakes is a whole mean breakfast that can help prevent many health colligate issues including obesity, cancer and heart attacks since cornflakes have no cholesterol. Cornflakes are view asn with milk, which is rich in proteins. This helps my body was openhanded and repair wore out tissue in the body. Cornflakes are to a fault rich in almonds. Almonds help hold up life, prevent asthma and rejuvenate skin. Cornflakes are as well as rich in lutein which is important for midriff health. The presence of iron also helps maintain acceptable levels of blood in my body. Cornflakes help keep me heedful in class since the product is rich in irons thus making my brain active. It also keeps me energized throughout the day, enabling me to carry my activities efficiently. It also enables me to save a lot as I spent less on energy drinks and rarely build junk food. It also helps keep my body healthy. This also helps me to concentrate on my studies as I rarely get sick. Cornflakes are also relatively indulgent to prepare and consume. It helps me save me time in the morning as I am going to school. It would take a lot of time to prepare a meal that is highly nutritious like cornflakes. draw which is used together with cornflakes is readily accessible in most supermarkets. Yes. Cornflakes are low in fiber. This forces me to take cornflakes with other foods or fruits that are rich in fiber. If I were to change something about the product I would ensure that the product is rich in fiber.

Business Application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Application - Assignment ExampleIT is fundamental in human resource management, firms infrastructures, marketing, procurement, engineering science development, etc. As exploit and manufacturing companies extend their operations to the global atomic number 18na, they have to change operational strategies in order to gain efficiency and competitiveness in the global market. Expansion of operations leads to increase in complexity of operations that pose challenges of managing efficiency of operations.3Mining industry has unique characteristics distinct from other industries because they are process industries and admits intensive capital investments with heavy plants and equipment.4 Since they are focused on profitability and efficiency, the focus of ERP is to melt off merchandise cost and increase efficiency through maintenance management and effective utilization of payoff capacity.5 There is a need to avoid idle time by ensuring accurate scheduling and dodge of the u npredicted breakdown, which can be achieved through scheduling of preventive and predictive maintenance task.The source of stark naked materials (ore) for the mining industry is obtained internally (from the mine) and involves a lot of uncertainty and an approximation error that are hardly determined during the production process.6 Furthermore, unlike the manufacturing function mining industry produce for stocking, not for orders. Therefore, the mining and manufacturing companies require the use of ERP for informed decision-making in areas of operation, accounting, human resource, supply chain, marketing, customer, etc.The use of ERP in a mining and manufacturing company helps the organization to integrate information to achieve real time accessibility of information across units and processes using the data created by the companys technical and operational systems software. Integration of scheduling, material management, production and distribution are the fundamentals of profit ability in the mining and

Fall of the Berlin wall, The First Earth Day 1970 april 22nd, Essay

Fall of the Berlin wall, The First Earth Day 1970 april 22nd, Assaination of JFK, Invention of the Internet,The aquilegia shooting, Cuban Missle Crisis, Woodstock - Essay ExampleThe Berlin Wall became a representation of the bipolar politics of the Cold struggle that separated the worldwide community throughout most of the second half of the twentieth century. During the Cold War, the join States commanded a circle of capitalist polities while the Soviet Union stood at the center of a routine of competing states whose governments supported Marxist principles of proletarian internationalism (Buckley 11). In 1989, a wave of widespread opposition in Eastern Europe against the persisting domination of communist authoritarianism led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. The fall of the Berlin Wall turned out to be an introduction to the dissolution of the Soviet Union ii years later. The construction, maintenance and collapse of the Berlin Wall have represe nted trends of history whose global influence goes beyond the local politics of a single urban center. The collapse of the Wall became the catalyst to achieve German reunification, in the long run established in 1990.In the last months of the 1960s, environmental problems in the unite States were growing rapidly. Uncontrolled credit line pollution was associated to illnesses and death in New York, Los Angeles, and other cities, as poisonous fumes, ejected by cars and factories, made city life less and less endurable. In a move fittingly responding to the problem, an estimated 20 million Americans assembled unitedly on April 22, 1970, in the largest organized demonstration in the history of the nation, to take part in a remarkably well-publicized environmental event known as Earth Day (Marriot 1).The anti-pollution position of these groups, after influencing the humour of political opinion at the state and local level, swiftly spread throughout editorials and editorial cartoons have in the nations leading newspapers. Media coverage of the large youth rallies of 1969 served to influence on the American public that the United States had become an urban country with

Contract Administration and Management -Contracting Officers Essay

Contract Administration and Management -Contracting Officers - judge ExampleA PCOs value comes from identifying the best contractor for the job in consideration and ensuring that their compensation matches the take that they will provide. The second is the Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO), whose responsibilities include the administrative aspects of the contract, such as, monitoring the effect of contractors, inspecting and, subsequently, accepting supplies and services from contractors, and ensuring the payment of contractors occurs accordingly. The value of the ACO comes from the contract implementation in that s/he has to watch that it occurs according to the predetermined name and conditions (Stanberry, 2012).The third is the Contracting Officers Representatives (COR), also known as Contracting Officers Technical Representatives, whose responsibilities include assisting the contracting officer in ensuring that the performance of contractors reflects the terms and con ditions of the contract. The value of the COR (or COTR) comes from providing guidance, as well as, technical advice with regard to the contract specifications, especially when dealing with service contractors. The one-quarter is the Termination Contracting Officer (TCO) whose responsibilities include ensuring that the termination of a government contract benefits the government or minimizes losses regardless of whether it is because of the contractors default or for government convenience. The value of a TCO comes from ensuring that the losses to the government from the termination are minimal (Stanberry,

Urbanization, Population and the Environment Essay

Urbanization, Population and the Environment - Essay ExampleThis increase as well as migration of the world population will have an effect on the natural environmental resources owing to the increased consumption of food, aught, water and land. It has increased the air, water and noise pollution levels and other phenomena such as global warming which is adversely affecting the health of the population (Torrey Ichimura). In addition, urbanization has too resulted in extensive exploitation of the natural resources thus leaving irreversible ecological footprints that have long-run effects on the population (Ichimura). Thus both the quality of life and environmental degradation argon the major effects of urbanization and as the population in the urban areas is poised to increase in the future suitable strategies need to be implemented in order to maintain agricultural yield, energy and utilization of other natural resources such as water to sustain life. Urbanization is defined as th e process by which plain areas become urbanized as a result of economic breeding and industrialization (Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). However, urbanization is also defined in demographic terms as the redistribution of the population from the rural to the urban areas over a period of time (Ichimura Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). Urban settlements are larger and denser and the population is a heterogeneous group of people coexisting in the area while rural regions are smaller and less differentiated (Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). According to estimates only about 2 percent of the world population lived in urban settlements during the 1800s, however, within a span of 200 years it has rose to 50 percent with the organic evolution of 18 megacities as of 2000.

The Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The treaty of portsmouth, 1905 - Case Study ExampleThis paper provides an evaluation of the conflict, negotiation of the treaty as well as an evaluation of the suppositions and empirical evidence as provided by the relevant readings and will offer analysis of be dynamics of conflict along with recommendations. The Russo- lacquerese War prevailed between 1904 and 1905 and was the initial major military conflict of the twentieth century, which developed from the imperial aspirations of Japanese and Russian empires particularly over the territories of Manchuria along with Korea (Woodhouse et al 1-10). The principal fronts of the resistance were the southern part of Manchuria particularly the regions around Mukden and Liaodong peninsula as well as the sea adjacent to Korea and yellow(a) sea. The Russian realm endeavored to obtain a state of warm water harbor located in the compass of Pacific Ocean for purposes of the navy and commerce since Vladivostok could be used in summer seas ons and was dormant on other seasons. Port Arthur on the other hand could be used throughout the year. Negotiations between the cardinal ambitious foes had failed right from the conclusion of the initial Sino-Japanese conflict making war inevitable (Wandberge 23). Japan resorted to war in order to become overriding in Korea. Following the failure of talks, Japan attacked the Russians soldiers stationed at Port Arthur, a position located in Liaotung that had been granted to Russian by China via lease this attach the beginning of the war (Butler 247). It was evident that owing to the fact that the Russians were not well managed, Japan triumphed in many battle fronts. The outcomes of the military campaigns were a huge global surprise in the sense that the victory of Japan was unexpected and shifted the power arrangement in East Asia. These outcomes brought Japan to the global stage as a major member of the world community. The course of negotiation at Portsmouth Peace accord has bee n recognized as a clear epitome of multi-track mediation. Records from the process had indicated that citizen diplomacy was prevalent at Portsmouth- residents of the area inspired the negotiators to tote up peace especially during a number of social events in instances when the process was failing. This has been cited as an important chromatography column in diplomacy. There are five strategies of negotiations that include contention, yielding, avoidance, problem resolving power and compromise (Zartman and Rasmussen 4). Contention involves the spirit of obsession with individual goals and less concern for the goals of the other party. Contention leads to confrontation, which involves threats, and restrictions along with hostility. Yielding is a event where both parties are more concerned with the requirements of the other party and not their own, which creates a situation of harming each other and lessening the apprehensions. Avoidance signifies the absence of interest in both parties. Problem solving is a concern for each partys goals that create an opportunity to generate a solution. via media being the ultimate in conciliation is an endeavor that is never arrived with enthusiasm (Dana 63-66). Experts of international relations flip often concentrated on power relations among nations as an imperative dynamic in a broad category of state conduct, which comprises of creating alliance and tactical interactions along with negotiations programs. It is evident that that the power equation between Russia and Japan played a

The importance of structure in The Agamemnon Essay Example for Free

The wideness of anatomical mental synthesis in The Agamemnon EssayThe Agamemnon is a classic Greek tragedy written by Aeschylus in which he entails the continuation of the curse on the ho usage of Atreus in the time period following the closing of the Trojan state of war and the return of King Agamemnon. This conform to tells of the murders of Cassandra and Agamemnon-by-Agamemnons wife Clytemestra. Throughout the animate umteen aspects live with a profound effect on the structure. Things such(prenominal) as the chorus line, listening, the use of earthy lit durationry devices such as buts and ellipses as well as prefiguration and flashback had an immense effect on the overall structure of the play The Agamemnon. In The Agamemnon the structure had a huge effect on the overall out devolve and bitner of the play.To begin, the chorus had a very large effect on the structure of The Agamemnon. In a down(p) behavior it lets the ref/audience know about things taking pla ce outside the realm of the plays setting. This was not as beta at the time this play would have been performed, but in this modern era it is very important that the chorus inform the audience with past all the samets like the outcome of the Trojan War and the death of Iphagania. Such as in this case Then the elder king found articulation and said This fate is hard to disobey, and hard I obey. Sever my child-my palace pearl? Bloody my turn over in that virgin flood? A fathers hands at the alter side? Oh which is worse? exclusively how can I betray my fleet and fail my allies? They atomic number 18 right in their fury-bound vehemence to imprecate the winds to calm by the blood of a virgin sacrificedI hope it my be well If not for excerpts such as that atomic number 53 modern proofreaders as well as some audience members in the past would not know the story of Iphagania and how it made Agamemnon make a choice no one would want to face and one in which the decision led to his death.The chorus informing the audience/reader things they superpower not know provides a colossal influence on the structure of the play, without them the reader might become confused or lost in some of the occurrences that take place throughout the story. stock- exempt the chorus makes the structure flow better for the reader to become more involved in the detail of the play. That is not the only way, in which the chorus affects the structure of The Agamemnon, there is another vital way in which the chorus affects the structure. The other very important way is in which the chorus affects the structure is the way that the chorus represents the idea of the average population of the timeperiod the people the audience/reader can mention to the best and understand the situations that take place throughout this Greek classic.This aspect of the play affects the structure in a very large way. It gives the reader/audience a viewpoint that is easily understandable, a put across that is remembert for them and not the upper class that would not be provided without Aeschylus use of the chorus. That use makes the structure more broad, video display different viewpoints, which is always important when writing. Also it builds up the drama of the climax by having the chorus use time and show their own ideas. The chorus makes structure of The Agamemnon flow much more fluidly, and provides a way for Aeschylus to draw out the play and make the reader wait and wonder what will happen, some(prenominal) of which stirred the structure of The Agamemnon in a very immense way, which makes the play much better.Secondly, the audience plays an important role in the overall structure of the play. Due to the particular audience that would have perkn that play during its time of business line the structure is set up in a way that was contemporary in that time period. In other words, the expectations of the audience were in tune with the life entitle of that era and the authors diction chose reflected those expectations. Therefore the audience during the time the play was written in has a great importance on the structure of common literary devices such as the use of buts and ellipses as well as foreshadowing and flashback. For that rationality the style Aeschylus wrote this play was one in which the audience would receive it. Yet although the audience was important to the structure then, it is inadvertently still very important now.Aeschylus explains things happening around these people, whether for drama or some other reason to keep the anticipation of the audience at hand-it is still there and this structural point by Aeschylus tells people who would be the audience today of very important aspects of the Trojan War and other past events that they would not know of. Yet all of these structural things tie together and are intertwined to make their impact on the play and thus show why they all, including the audience, have a vast bearing on the structur e of the play and therefore have an impact on the outcome and display of The Agamemnon for the better.Thirdly, the use of buts and ellipses likewise play an important role on why the structure has an impact on the overall outcome of The Agamemnon. Buts mean that an argument has been provided, or there are two sides to the story. Showing two sides of something is extremely important both in life and literary productions and can be seen many times throughout The Agamemnon. Clytemnestra says But even losing suits a mighty man. this means that a mighty man wining would be the usual thing, but losing would still suit him and therefore two sides of something are presented which is huge in structure. Ellipses are also very important to the structure.They cause a very necessary an important break which is common in Greek literature and therefore in The Agamemnon. How I hold him in my heartSuch shyness wears away in time. The pause created by the ellipse exaggerates the point created th at Clytemnestra missed Agamemnon in his long absence (which she didnt). The buts and ellipses provide an enormous role in the structure of the play Aeschylus used them impeccably to enhance the structure and therefore improve the total play due to the use of the structure.Finally, the use of foreshadowing and flashbacks has an enormous effect on the structure in The Agamemnon. Aeschylus as well as many other ancient Greek writers used these literary tools to their perfection. Aeschylus uses flashbacks through many people throughout the play by describing past events, events that were flashbacked to give background information which is vital to a complete understanding of the play. The flashbacks are important to the structure of The Agamemnon because they relate to so many other aspects of why the structure is so important to the play. The chorus, which is very important to the play, uses flashbacks all the time and without them the structure of the play would wait very strange and extremely different from the way in which it reads now. Some of the ways in which Aeschylus incorporates flashbacks and foreshadowing into The Agamemnon is both interesting and important to the structure of the play.One of the ways in which this is very clear is how both flashbacks and foreshadowing are used through the character Cassandra. Cassandra is Agamemnons spoil of war, he took her as a achievement prize after the Trojan War and she is gift with the power of insight and she can therefore see into the future and she is also aware of the history of the house of Atreus. Therefore this gift of insightwill all the way have an obvious affect on the foreshadowing in the play as it can be seen here, So, then I go To sing the dirge of my own demise And Agamemnon too within the palace. generous of life O unknown men, good-bye I am no little bird that quivers at a bushs stir. But when I am dead and when you see A women for a women die, A man for a man ill-mated lie, Then remember w hat I said My dying wishremember itmy prophecy. as said by Cassandra just prior to her death.This is an amazing aspect to the structure of the play, it is a way to foreshadow and keep the reader/audience interested in the outcome and to keep reading to find out if what Cassandra says will come true. Cassandra is truly a dynamic character who is very important to the structure because within the play she also uses the literary tool of flashbacks, this character makes the structure of The Agamemnon much more vibrant than it would have been. Flashbacks and foreshadowing are important to the structure of any work, yet in Aeschylus they are used so perfectly and eloquently that they in-turn have a big impact on the structure, which consequently has a gigantic outcome on the play itself.In conclusion, the structure of The Agamemnon had a huge effect on the overall outcome and appearance of the play. Aeschylus used many different things to enhance the structure of his play, all of these t hings intertwined into similar aspects of looking into the past or future, the chorus, audience, buts and ellipses, and flashbacks/foreshadowing all used some to improve the structure of the play in their own unmatched way. Many of Aeschyluss ideas on the structure connect and have a huge effects on The Agamemnon.

Culver City Essay Example for Free

Culver city bear witnessBecause of the changes that substantiate taken place in the nurse home perseverance throughout the past decade, dish up bea competitor analyses contribute become an increasingly important aspect of environmental psychoanalysis. The process of improvement atomic number 18a competitor analysis involves first of all an identification of the proceeds category for analysis. It then moves on to include identifying of competitors, determining the strengths and weaknesses of rivals, and anticipating their moves based on the analysis of the data collected.The service argona selected for this particular analysis is the Culver metropolis nursing home industry. The grocery for nursing home tutorship in Culver City, California is changing speedyly and has been considered a buyers market for specialty c atomic number 18. The population of Culver City in notification to the number of ripened citizens is an important consideration in the decision to ente r the nursing home market in this city. The number of persons each nursing home usually takes is in the range of 80 to 85% of its carrying capacity (Pandya, 2001).One moldiness not forget that the demand for nursing home care is determined by the availability of financing (Willging, 2003). Also not fit is that or so 36% of seniors have been financing nursing-home care out of pocket (2001). In carrying out a service area competitor analysis upon this city, it is unavoidable to take a look at such aspects as its financial and frugal situation, the demographics, and the trends that might get ahead from them. It will also be inevitable to assess the strategies being pursued by the nursing homes that service the area and the consumer reaction to these policies.According to the analysis of the Culver City finance budget, the city began a period of economical growth in the late 1990s where the property taxes began reflecting an increase in the value of real domain and overall taxes patch uped a general increase in per capita income. Over the period the city was able to sustain both low inflation and unemployment rates. Investment grew almost three fold, according to the Dow Jones Industrial, S P 500, and the Nasdaq composite charts (City of Culver City, 485-86). However, economic growth has plateauxed since 2001, and the employment rate that had fallen from 9 to 3.9 percent, has risen up to approximately six percent (485). Across the United States, the health care industry has had to cope with economic changes resulting from rising medical costs. The Culver City population sustained a growth of 47% between the years 1990 and 2000 (City Population, p. 2). The records of the Culver City Redevelopment Agency reveal that the population of the city is 39,119. On clean, there are around 16,826 households represented in the area, and the income for the modal(a) household is about $76,013 per annum.The income for the average family household amounts to $90,930. The Culver City interchange area extends beyond this. If the area considered extends to a three mile radius beyond the hub of the city, the population increases 305,287 and boasts an average family income of $79,689. Within a five mile radius live about 852,147 mountain, and the inclusion of this population brings the average household income back up to $87,820. The median age of Culver City is 40, and 84% of all the adults of this city have attained at least a high school education.Thirty five percent of these adults have also attained at least a bachelors degree in higher(prenominal) education. The population is distributed mainly among persons of Caucasian, Hispanic, African American and Asian origins. Forty-six percent of the inhabitants are white, 25% are Hispanic, 12% are Asian and other 12% are African American. The remaining 5% are of unknown or other origin (Demographics). In Culver City is a rather prosperous community. only when 2. 96% of the population earns less th an $20,000 per year. Those who live on an amount between $20,000 and $50,000 amount to 13.46% and another 22. 37% live within the next tier level, between $50,000 and $75,000. S scourteen percent live on $75,001 to $100,000, and a third of all the people live on an income higher than $100,000. Approximately 16% of the Culver City residents are over sixty years old (Demographics). For strategic management purposes it is dangerous to consider the over-65 pigeonholing as a homogeneous one (Willging, 2003). Shifts in demographic and increases in lifespan have changed the prepare and the desires of the aging population (Ginter, et al. 2006, p. 6).The senior citizens and retiree demographic in Culver City has been divided into three groups for the interest of consumer analysis. The retirement group has a median income of approximately $53,000 which is about $11,000 higher than the interior(a) average. Non-whites are represent about 43% of this group and approximately 35% of this group has attained a bachelors (or higher) degree. This group is likely on average to spend a mid-to-high amount on entertainment, but spends a bit lower on average on health care, presumably because not all retirees are senior citizens (Artsmarket, 2002, p.12-13). The active senior singles group has a median income of $32,000, which is also higher than the national median. They participate in more health activities and have a medium-to-high likelihood of spending money on health. The character of none whites in this group is approximately 22%, and 25. 7% percent of the members of the active senior singles group have attained college degrees (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 14-15). The prosperous older couples group has a median income of approximately $67,500, which is an astounding $32,000 higher than the national median.Thirty percent of these have attained bachelors degrees (or higher) and people of color learn up 29 % of the group. Their likelihood of spending on health care is in the high range (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 16-17). The citys economic situation presents costs and benefits to any prospective nursing-home business organization venture. The fixed costs of entering the market would be considerable, but the increased unemployment rate (up from 3. 9 percent) would make the price of labor a little more affordable than in recent years.A gold thing for businesses is the tax rebate program that has been instituted by the city to encourage new business. This grants them tax assuagement from either business or utility users tax (City of Culver City, 489). A new entrant into the nursing home industry in Culver City must consider the quality of care that is to be provided by that business entity. The general problems with funding being experienced by nursing homes across the country has light-emitting diode not just to many law suits and eventual bankruptcy, but to the loss of customers to competitors (Day, 2005).Culver City customers also aim not just a variety but qu ality of service. Variety will be an asset however, as there is great intensity of rivalry among existing organizations, and the nursing home industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the demographic and social trends mentioned above. It must be noted, for example, that a good portion of the seniors are educated, and educated seniors tend to be more knowledgeable and have higher expectations of a installment (Willging, 2003).The evidentiary portion of non-whites must also be considered and real attempts made to cater and appeal to them. In addition, it must be noted that a vast majority of these seniors have lived active lives therefore, facilities which cater to this would be magnetic to their tastes. The competitors in the Culver City nursing home industry, though they provide adequate care and the necessary facilities, can be categorized into quaternary groups that denote they quality of service they offer as intumesce as the level of reimbursement that they require fo r those work.For this service area nursing home facilities are pursuing four basic strategies high price with highly specialized services (strategic group 1), low price with hardly a(prenominal) ancillary services (strategic group 2), medium price with some services, (strategic group 3), and high price with many services (strategic group 4). Customers who seek the attributes of one strategic group, such as highly specialized rehabilitation services, are unlikely to be attracted to another strategic group.A good idea for a newbie in the nursing home market is to choose the group to which it is best able to cater, and possibly to vary the scope of the service by offering one or two (not many) extra services. Then, concentrate on providing the best service possible in that group. Diversity does exist in the consumer groups, but this information must be acted upon with care. Early retirees, for example, who might need nursing home care, may not yet discard for state or federal ass isted care (Clinton, 1993). Medicare and Medicaid provide full coverage to only about 9% of seniors, and many are forced to pay out of pocket (Day, 2005).The figures have shown that many Culver City seniors can afford this, but paying out of pocket means that the consumers will be even more unlikely to accept less than the best care. This look at the nursing home industry as it exists in Culver City has revealed that, though a buyers market exists and the competition is very high, a newcomer in the market might still have a chance to win a significant market share. This must be done by paying attention to the demographic as vigorous as the economic situations that have the power to affect the market.The psychographic and demographic aspects show that a diversity of services must be offered and that any newcomer desiring be successful in such a militant and demanding market must be willing to (carefully) diversify.ReferencesArtsMarket. (2002). City of Culver City Acorn Cluster Life styles and Local Profiles. Bozeman Author. www. artmarket. com City of Culver City. (2004). pecuniary 2004-05 Adopted City Budget. Budget and Finance. Author. http//www. culvercity. org/citygov/budgetfinance/depts_budgfinanc. hypertext mark-up language City Population. (2001). Redistricting Committee. Oregon State Legislature.http//www. leg. state. or. us/comm/redistricting/citypop. pdf Clinton, Bill. (1993). Remarks and a question-and-answer posing with the AARP on health care in Culver City, California. Weekly compilation of presidential documents. News and Society. http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n40_v29/ai_14550594 Day, Thomas. (2005). more or less Nursing Homes. Guide to long term care planning. National Care Planning Council. http//www. longtermcarelink. net/about_nursing_homes. html Demographics. City of Culver City. http//www. culvercity. org Ginter, P. M. , Swayne, L. E. and Duncan, W.J. (2006). Strategic management of health care organizations. 4th ed. Malden Blackwell. Pandya, Sheel. Nursing Homes. Policy and research for professionals in aging. AARP. http//www. aarp. org/research/longtermcare/nursinghomes/aresearch-import-669- FS10R. html Redevelopment Agency of Culver City. Community Profile. City of Culver City. Culver City Government. http//www. culvercity. org/citygov/redevelop/demogr. html Willging, Paul. R. (2003). dont let demographics fool you. Nursing Homes. Aug. 2003. http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3830/is_8_52/ai_108198554

Capital Budget Essay Example for Free

Capital Budget Essay smell at River County plan for several capital acquisitions for the coming twelvemonth which include the purchase of two clean dribble trucks at $150,000 each, one new bulldozer at $240,000, three new riding lawn mowers at $16,000 each, and construction of an activity center in the part for $650,000. The expected lifetime of the various capital items is 10 social classs for the garbage trucks, 8 years for the bulldozer, 5 years for the lawn mowers, and 40 years for the activity center. c everyable to the current credit rating of River County, River County was approved for a 6% interest rate on all vehicles and lawn mowers, and a 3% interest on the activity center. The sum up terms to finance both garbage trucks for one year is $20,380.19 and the integral cost is $203,801.90 for 10 years. The yearly cost to finance the bulldozer is $38,648.63 and the total cost is $309,189.04 for 8 years.The total cost of financing all three lawn mowers for a year is $ 11,395.03 and the total cost for 5 years is $56,975.15. The yearly cost to finance the activity center is $28,120.55 and the total cost is $1,124,822.22 for 40 years. The total cost for the capital budget from year 1 to year 5 leave behind be $126,664.95. The total budget cost from year 6 to year 8 will $115,269.92 and from year 9 to 10 $76,621.29. From year 10 unto year 40, the budget would be $28,120.55 for the activity center. However, River County would pay despatch the lawn movers in 5 years, bulldozer in 8 years, and garbage trucks in 10 years the national of depreciation stills needs to be addressed.The current value of the equipment would need to be appraised to determine if it is still useable according to River County standards, or do the equipment need to be replaced. If River County decides to replace the equipment then the revenue from the savage would be used to re-invest in to new equipment and the capital budget would be updated. With the current River County bud get the tax revenues veritable from the county would be more than sufficient, but if there is a budget short fall, River County could issue 5 year municipal bonds to cover the cost.ReferenceFinkler, S.A. (2010). Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice third houseMartinson, O. B. (2002). A look at cost accounting in the service industry and the federal government.The ledger of Government Financial Management, 51(1), 18-25. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/222373894?accountid=32521Rodriguez, J. F. (1994). Sound principles New adaptations. The Government Accountants Journal, 43(3),35. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/222431343?accountid=32521

Video games affecting children Essay Example for Free

Video gimpys affecting nipperren EssayVideo games around the world get to become immensely popular, a multi-billion dollar industry. An industry which revolves around the wants and desires of clawren and teens. An industry with a creation of odd entertainment resembling no other. An industry that continues to put forward rapidly. Hours and hours be spent each day by youths vie these games, but are they really good for them? Are they educational? Games which educate a childs mind exist but they wouldnt be as popular as your blow over seller shooting game. Nowhere even close. Here I am today to tell, to inform, and to enlighten parents on the dangers of letting your child play these violent games. As a child, I found that my parents seemed to push absent all sorts of violent games, no matter how badly I wanted them. It didnt seem to wee sense at first but as I grew older, I saw the younger genesis getting addicted to games like these and without doubt, showed a differe nt behaviour and post.In this modern senesce, a child or teen is quite likely to have a gaming console or admission fee to the internet or a friend who does. With these, they put forward play or access games which may transmit violent content. As youths play these games in excess, they tend to act out what they may see or hear in front of their friends and family. It gives them a tendency to act aggressive and violent. They learn new things, like bad language. They may use foul language against their friends and possibly repeat violent stunts at home.These games are full of foul language, bloody scenes and criminal behaviour. It gives them a prospect for confrontation with peers, with siblings, with parents and even with their teachers. They engage in fights which in turn could cause possible decline in their studies. They could even brush aside their shoal work to sit in front of a television because its like an addiction to them. The pass is should parents be encouraged to disallow their son or daughter to be entertained by these types of motion-picture show games?The answer is up to you, as parents. It is up to you to observe whether you see a change in attitude among your kids and if in a negative way, then you should take action in order for your child to behave in an appropriate manner among people. Games like these are everywhere, so your child will grow up in an environment where they will play them. Although, it is always recommended to look at the age rating of the game before you buy it, to see whether or not your son or daughter fits into the category of restriction.You can even set limits on how long they should be allowed to play games, just so they dont get too involved with the theme of the game. Its absolutely paramount for a child to grow up in a positive environment. In my opinion, games that involve the likes of drugs, bloodshed, criminal behaviour, foul language and military force should not be banned, but put into higher restric tion everywhere. There should be more age limitations and games that involve hostility at a lower level. So parents, do you know what games your children are playing? Have a look.

Societal Standards Essay Example for Free

Societal Standards EssayImagine a 62 valet with broad shoulders, deep voice, hairy body, masculine personality, and pink glittery nail polish. His friends give him a dangerous time ab reveal it, they say that he is not a real man. He decides to hang out with more woman and when more and more people start to consider him gay, he becomes it. Men do not live with the wiggle room to explore the effeminate stereotypes. Masculine stereotypes ar more constraining than feminine stereotypes in the social and professional creative activity. Social masculine stereotypes argon more confining than feminine stereotypes.Men are more strictly contained while women are more open to explore a variety of stereotypes. In a recent, USA Today phrase Gender Stereotypes author Seine Wenig writes on a strict line drawn between masculine and female stereotypes. Yet how this line is soft fading the woman. Wenig reiterates how for girls There is ample room to maneuver and how Ever-growing ran ge of tomboys sports options which in the past were mostly the battleground of boys. Girls can now be free and engage in activities and sports which boys dominate.While male stereotypes and stereotypical fathers ca-ca men to have a more confined space in which they could explore and die hard referable to the fact that stereotypical fathers expect athletic success rather than academic success. Girls are Given more room to explore their counterparts culture while males are stuck in a much tighter box to move about in meaning they are not able to explore the feminine stereotypes. Therefore ,masculine stereotypes are more confined than feminine stereotypes in the social aspect.Masculine stereotypes are more profession bothy confining than feminine stereotypes. There are fewer choices for careers for men that then for women referable to stereotypes. In a 2011 article from USA Today, Gender Stereotypes Easing More for Girls than Boys. Author Seth Wenig describes the ultimate confinem ent for men in the professional mainstream society. He restates how, women now make up close to half to enrollment in US law and medical schools up from 25% a few decades ago.Now due to the ever-changing world girls now have more choices for careers then their male counterparts. More females are going and graduating from schools which prepare them for a lifelong career not just existence nurse as it was thought to be in the past. Men choose not to be nurses because main stream society would not find being a nurse very masculine because it is a mostly female occupied feel due to the fact it has to do with the Female stereotype of caring for another human being.Women are given more opportunities than men to succeed in the professional world, which leave men with fewer choices for careers. Therefore masculine stereotypes are more professionally confining than feminine stereotypes. Addressing the problems of social types of man and woman requires the ultimate settlement of what it ag ent to be a man and what it what it means to be a woman. Men do not have them of wiggle room to explore the female stereotypes while free to roam all round all stereotypes.When a female try to succeed in a mostly male dominant profession, she is guide to shine while when a man tries to do the same he is shun. If men continue to be confined by so societal standards, this will cause a civilization in which it is easier to be a woman than to be a man. Leading men to either join the female standard and gender or collapse under the confinement of their own standards.

Orthodox Jewish Wedding Essay Example for Free

Orthodox Jewish spousal EssayMarriage is normally a ceremony make in churches, in government premises, or in modern ones like beaches and gardens. It is ordinarily done as a sign of love between two people. Marriage used to be a truly sacred ceremony as two people say their vows to each early(a). Different horti cultivations do this in different manners. In this paper, we will discover how the Orthodox Jewish union is done. This would stir the diversity of cultures in the world and how the Jewish community carries out their traditions and belief. This is divided into three parts that include the preparations done sooner the unify, the set up twenty-four hour periods forrader the spousal and the conjoin proper. When two people fall in love, what they want to end up mostly is a bride and a g path or a economize and a wife. Although it is altered by some other reasons in the modern times, the idea of espousals is fluent get worded sacred by most of us. Although soc io-economic status, health, dynasty and other things affect the peoples position on marriage, we restrained can non recurrence a guidance the fact that the people who get married always entreat for a golden feeling.Whatever reason they may have, the bottom line is still that they argon searching for contentment in any way. A Jewish wedding twenty-four hours, the same with all other pietisms, is something that they really celebrate. Different forms of rites progress weeks before and during this day, in consideration of their history and heritage. As soon as the pair gets engaged, rituals already enlist place. It includes breaking a plate to represent the temples in Jerusalem that were destructed. It is to signify that blush if they argon enjoying in the celebration of the wedding, they are still saddened with the fact that these temples were destroyed before.It is too public for the parents to do the arrangement of the wedding, with the servicing of someone like a m atch-maker called Yenta. Although this is so, the habilitate is still required to ask the brides father for her mickle in marriage and to pay a dowry in exchange of the bride (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/judaism/rites/weddings_1. shtml). Judaism sees this utilization as sacred. They think that without a man and a woman, each of the sexes will never be complete. They complement each other and each compensates what the other loses.They to a fault teach in their doctrines that any mortal without getting married doesnt experience the absolute joy and contentment in this spiritedness. It means that being married gives satisfaction to people, especially when they are blessed by God. When referring to marriage, they usually use the term sanctification which usually refers to the uncannyity of the bond that binds two people and of the commandment made by God. They likewise see it as something that has a purpose. They view marriage a s a perquisite to reproduction and friendship. It is twain procreation and companionship.In the bible, as they believe, It is not good for a man to be alone. It is in any case a practice of each persons legal well(p)s through a contractual agreement where they sign on. Although on that point were times when the Jews were dispersed all over the world, they are still successful in preserving this practice as they live. This is probably because they really believe in the practice, because through it, history proves that families stayed st up to(p) and happy when they underwent the same flesh of marriage . Jewish weddings are almost the same. They are made easier by the Rabbis by asking for a truly minimal requirement. The Rabbis is the one who makes the laws in this kind of ritual (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. confetti. co. uk/article/view/5054-7598-0-). Marriage in the Orthodox Jewish is very much full of traditions that show practice and devotion. In planning their weddings, every detail is very important. They take the preparation as a challenge of their strength and a challenge to celebrate the wedding successfully.They pay too much attention to all the necessarily of the ceremony that makes every wedding a perfect one. The Orthodox Jews are believed to be the strictest among the strands of the Jewish faith. Their wedding ceremony is done by combining the legal and religious aspects of marriage. In case one of the couple is non-Jewish, he or she is asked to convert to the same religion. They believe that happiness cannot be achieved if they dont brook marriage, which is a license to fulfillment in the world.Also, it is said that when they get married, they dont just cerebrate on material and temporal elements of the preparation, but they also assure that their doctrines are properly carried out and that their spiritual and moral preparedness is enveloped on the marriage itself. It just proves that although their marriage is after a good life on earth, they still put in more consideration the supernatural and their religion per se (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. confetti. co. uk/article/view/5054-7598-0-). Planning an Orthodox Jewish wedding is very tedious.They must(prenominal) consider a lot of things for them to be qualified to come up with a successful one. Most of the Jewish couple provides a planner that would make it easier for them to see chronologically their plans and the specifics of the ceremony. Through that, they will be able to get organized and efficient in the planning of the main event. The date of the wedding is usually cognize after they already register with a synagogue and Rabbi at the Chief Rabbis office. The time of the day and the day itself are also given much attention to in planning a wedding.It is usual to marry in the afternoon or in the evening, but you can also marry anytime of the day according to what the couple desires. Most of them, however, choose to mar ry on age like Sunday and Tuesday. It is also not allowed to do the wedding three weeks between July and August and on the Sabbath of festival days (Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Passover Shavuot, and Sukkoth). In case, they want to get married on a Saturday, they prohibit doing the ceremony earlier than two hours before the sun is down (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. onfetti. co. uk/article/view/5054-7598-0-).In general, the first thing to do in planning it is to choose a date that they both want. They usually choose special days like the birth or the death of their rabbis to make a more meaningful celebration. Like other people getting married, they choose a date that means something to them or a date that is material in their relationship. They also must specify a place or a venue which has fair to middling space for dancing and a wide area where you can put a divider to cut off men and women for modestys sake.They are very much particular with modesty which they can prove by separating people of different sexes during the wedding ceremony. They must also choose a rabbi to preside the wedding ceremony and a sofer or a Jewish scribe to take charge of the Ketuba or the marriage contract. After that, they must tell their relatives and friends about the wedding and invite them to attend on it. Attendees on this kind of practice matters a lot to the couple because the wedding would not mean anything at all without the heraldic bearing of a specific number of people.Once they confirm their attendance, they can already inform the caterer about the raspy number of visitors. This is usually done to avoid hassles to both families of the groom and the bride and to assure that everyone eats enough as they celebrate that most important part of their couple life. After that, they must inform those people who are taking part in the wedding to dress accordingly. This is also a sign of respect to the practice. The effeminate ones must use clothes coverin g the knees and the arms to the elbows, while the married ones must cover their air. manpower must wear yarmulkes.The couple must make the wedding canopy from a cloth that is velvet or from a prayer shawl. This is to signify the clouds that helped Jews with everything when they were in the desert. They must make sure that they have the dress, go without anything engraved in them, and the other things. The bride must make sure she has a veil thicker than the others to wear it on the wedding day. From that, they must find a schedule to do the veiling ritual prior the wedding ceremony. It is said that such a practice symbolizes the biblical story that happened between Jacob and Rachel, when they planned to get married.They must assign seven men to utter the words of blessings with a wine. Lastly, they must secure a room for the couple where they can give on after the wedding proper. They are expected to stay thither before they eat and spend time together alone for a certain period (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. ehow. com/how_2077192_plan-orthodox-jewish-wedding. html). The wedding invitation is usually two sided and has an English translation at the right side. It does not ask for the persons presence, instead it is asking people to dance at or share in the joy of.In this kind of ritual, visitors are very important, because they play a very vital agency in the process. The copies of the invitation may be distributed and may be given by the couple or both of their parents. Sometimes, the invitation also includes biblical quotes to explain people why such thing is done or to nurture elaborate the importance of each part of the program (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). All of the guests are provided with copy of the program for them to know exactly what part they are in during the wedding proper.It may also include some Ketuba texts, the vendors names, a note coming from the bridal couple an d some explanations of the different elements of the ceremony. This is also done to avoid unnecessary noises when they ask others why a particular thing is done (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). The Orthodox bride must prepare something white, while the groom must have a short white linen robe called a kittel. The bride is also expected to visit mikyah in the morning time of her wedding.This is done to make sure that the bride undergoes a ritual bath that is believed to purify her and to make her a stop woman as she gets married (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). It is also a must, that in able for a couple to get married in the Orthodox Jewish tradition, it is a perquisite that their parents also married in the same manner. Usually, both of their parents underwent the same practice. If in case their parents did not undergo the practice, they must talk to the rabbi for clarific ation.The ceremony includes singing and reading from the psalms. The wedding usually takes an hour before it finally ends. The wedding can actually occur anywhere, depending on what the groom and the bride choose. Given a desired venue, the bride or the Kallah and the groom or the Chatan, must stand under a canopy. The venue as chosen by them is usually paid by the brides parents. The validity of the wedding depends on the number of males present. There must e ten of them, which in their tradition, is called minyan (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. confetti. co. uk/article/view/5054-7598-0-).Prior to the ceremony, the groom may spend time with his friends as eat and drink together on a table, called chassans tisch. Brides, on the other hand, take three or seven times circling her groom which is also a practice based on their bible (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). When the guests arrive on the wedding day, males go w ith the groom in a certain room, while the female ones go with the bride in another room where she sits on a throne-type chair.This is called public beckoning and may be spent with just family and other guests (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. eddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). A service usually starts with the opening from the rabbi, followed by a bride being escorted to the canopy. It is then followed by a ritual of circling the groom by the bride. This also has a hidden meaning. The benedictions are read after and then the sacramental manduction of the cup of wine. The exchange of the rings is then done, followed by the reading of ketuba. Another cup of wine is offered which is share by the groom and the bride. It was first blessed and told with a prayer for the companionship and joy of the newly wed. by and by on, they are proclaimed as husband and wife and they are showered with rice and are greeted with a present (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//w ww. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). During the marriage proper, the groom is asked to read from the Torah. That ritual is called Aufruf. Further, it is like a way of congratulating the couple, and letting the public know that they are getting married soon. In the same practice, some brides send candies and nuts as he finishes the recitation of the benedictions. Through that, they are able to ask for a fragrancy and fertile life. The groom gives his bride a ring that is a sign of love.It is put on the brides right index finger, up to the second knuckle. It is so, because they believe that such a finger points to the soul and that it is used in pointing when they are reading the Torah. On the contrary, she puts the ring on his left ring finger. As they are doing this, they are reciting a Hebrew statement called haray aht (Retrieved on December 11, 2008 from http//www. weddingdetails. com/lore/jewish. cfm). In summary, preparing for the Orthodox Jewish Wedding is no easy thing . It requires a lot of effort to come up with an acceptable wedding that takes in consideration both the earthly and the religious aspect of life.Through this paper, we can also picture that even if there are still more days before the wedding, the people are already officious planning the event and are already doing some practices for the benefit of the big day. The wedding proper shows that determine of these people as they do the rituals associated with getting married. It is also very obvious that they are really onerous hard to avoid getting away from the proper way of doing it. Before and after the wedding, they are very optimistic about their, because of their trust to the Almighty.Everyone is looking forward to a happy and a blessed life ahead as they undergo the blessing of God through marriage. Celebration of their wedding is really something that the Jewish community must really be proud of. It is full of traditions that only their group inhibits and practices as well. Their culture is very rich and admirable. This is only a proof that cultures vary from place to place and that each culture has its beauty that everyone can admire. It is the Jewish communitys pride to have this and definitely, there are not just proud, but happy about acquiring this kind of culture.

Ultradian Rhythms Essay Example for Free

Ultradian Rhythms EssayUltradian rhythms argon bodily rhythms that last less than 24 hours. The most obvious ultradian rhythm is the diverse layers of sleep, existing in spite of appearance the ciradian rhythm of the sleep-wake round. Sleep is dived into cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes. During these cycles, we will experience 5 different stages of sleep- the first four world characterized as non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), and the last stage being characterized as rapid eye movement sleep (REM).When human beings ar awake, the electrical activity in their creative thinker usually takes the form of fast, erratic brain waves. These waves be known as beta waves. During stage 1 of sleep, the brains electrical activity begins to change, with the brain waves becoming more tiresome and regular. This demonstrates that the persons mind is beginning to relax, and these waves are known as alpha waves. The presence of alpha waves in the brain gutter usually be used to in dicate that the onset of sleep has occurred, and that the person is no longer awake. As well as a change in electrical activity, the persons core body temperature will also drop and their heart-beat slow down.As the sleeper goes into Stage 2 of sleep, their brain waves become even slower and a great amplitude. These are called theta waves. This shows that the brain is becoming increasingly more relaxed. During this stage of sleep, it is common to experience sudden bursts of brain activity known as K complexes and sleep spindles.Stages 1 and 2 of sleep are normally referred to as being as being light sleep. This means that people in these stages of sleep can be easily awoken by external factors such as noise.Stages 3 and 4 of sleep are characterized by even slower brain waves, known as delta waves. Stages 3 and 4 are lots referred to as being slow-wave sleep (SWS)- and sleep during this time is far more deep than in the preceding two stages. However, the sleeper has not reached a state of unconsciousness, and can still be woken up by certain external factors (eg.Parents being woek nby the sound of their baby crying). These are the stages of sleep where most of the bodies physiological specify work occurs. It can also be associated with biochemical changes, such as the release of growth hormone taking place during this time.In these first four stages of NREM sleep, dreams have been shown to be un likely to occur. During a study by Dement and Klietman, in which participants were woken up when their brain waves indicated certain stages of sleep, it was shown that only around 7% of participants had account having dreams when their brain activity had indicated the stages of NREM sleep.Stage 5 of sleep, the final stage in the sleep cycle before it repeats, is known as REM sleep. This the stage of sleep where brain activity is most like that of the awake brain. It is also the stage of sleep where most dreams are likely to occur.

Free

Free leave alone vs. Determinism EssayFree bequeath versus Determinism Right now I am writing this paper, for philosophy class, and it is due tomorrow. The question is, from the time I was born, was it pre-determined that I was going to compile this paper? Since the beginning of religion, pile prepare argued whether or non everything we do is pre-determined. The whimsy that every operation a soulfulness makes has been pre-determined is called determinism. On the otherwise side of this belief is the belief of bighearted testament. Free go away is the belief that a someone holds what betides to them through their own actions.In the argument of free will versus determinism, thither argon three positions that can be taken for this argument. The positions that can be taken atomic number 18 clayey determinism, libertarianism, and soft determinism. Hard determinism is the belief that everything in the universe is determined by casual laws, or is pre-determined. Libert arianism is the belief that thither are some actions in which a person causes the outcome or in other words, the belief that people strike what happens to them. And finally, there is soft determinism.Soft determinism is the belief that there are real things in animateness that are pre-determined and there are some things in life that a person chooses to happen through their actions. I swear that soft determinism is true because there really are authentic things in life that are pre-determined, but there are overly things that people have nurse over. Every day, a person makes hundreds if not thousands of choices choices that will lead to actions, which will lead to an outcome of whatsoever given situation. I believe that for legitimate things in life, people decide what happens to them base on their actions or choices.But just as I believe that people make their own choices, I also believe that there are certain things in life that are pre-determined. I believe that free w ill and determinism go hand at hand though. There are certain things in life that a person has no chequer over. For example, when a person is born, they cannot choose what family they can be tie in to. A person cannot choose what their face is going to look like, or the pretext of their skin, or yet something like their name. All of these qualities of a person are all pre-determined before birth.A person does not have free will to choose these qualities while in the mothers womb. Just as there are these things that cannot be chosen, there are many things that a person can choose to be a part of their life that is not pre-determined. For instance, a person can choose who their friends are, what color they like, what food they like, and even things like hobbies that they enjoy doing. In my opinion, free will and determinism work along with each other. I believe that both determinism and free will are true. In my opinion, they work with each other.I believe that since we cant choos e what environment we grow up in, it effects how we make our choices. In other words, our culture has a strong effect on our own personal decision making. In detail, our free will decision making is formed from our past experiences. There are some philosophers who bustt agree with soft determinism. A man by the name of Baron dHolbach is a strong believer of hard determinism. dHolbach believes that what we call free will is simply just a modification of the physical brain. We necessarily seek to enhance/ensure our own existence.As natural beings, we are wholly subject to laws of nature. In this sense, forces independent of us create desires/drives in us that determine what we do. What he means by this is that is that we only believe that we have free will. And that the choices that we make are already pre-determined based on the environment we live in. Another philosopher by the name of William James believes in libertarianism. According to James, there is always some loose play am ong parts of the universe, multiple possibilities for how things can be.Whatever does actually happen happens because of chance, not out of necessity or natural laws. In other words, he believes that either everything is determined, or everything is up to chance. I disagree with both of these views. I believe that there is a mixture of both determinism and libertarianism. I disagree with Baron dHolbach because I believe that free will does in fact exist. For me, it makes sense that free will is true. There are certain things that need to have free will in order to exist. The best example of this is regret. Regret comes when a person makes a choice.If free will does not exist, than people dont necessarily make choices, and without choices being made, than regret cannot exist. There take to be free will for certain things in life to exist. I also disagree with William James. I believe that it is foolish to believe in the all or none principle. James believes that either there is all just splendid determinism, or all free will, not both. It is impossible for there to be free will for everything. For example, people cannot choose what they are going to look like. People also cannot choose who their family is or what their birth name is.But, I also believe the same to be true with pure determinism. I believe that it is nonsense to believe that a person doesnt choose their friends, what they take bear on in, or what sort of events happen to them throughout the course of their life. I do believe that there are certain things that are pre-determined, but it doesnt make sense to believe that everything is pre-determined. Every single day, people make decisions that will affect what will happen to them. There are things in a persons life that happen by choice, and there are also things that happen that people have no control over.I believe that soft determinism is true because there really are certain things in life that are pre-determined, but there are also things that people have control over. It cannot lean one way or the other because there needs to be both. I believe that these two work hand at hand in order to form out what happens to a person throughout their life. Bibliography 1. TheologySummary History of World Religions. On Morality, Free Will God. Philosophy Free Will vs. Determinism WSM Explains Limited Freedom / Determinism in Necessarily Connected Universe. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .

Reluctance of Gay Essay Example for Free

Reluctance of Gay EssayDomestic delirium is a prevalent criminal and companionable burn because this occurs in various shades and types of national partnerships. This is the conclude for the establishment of laws and processes to promote victims of house servant vehemence. However, addressing national power is non at all simple because the difficulty not scarce lies in the weak protective measures or loopholes of laws and criminal justice processes tho also the revealure or reluctance of victims to report their experiences to the police much less file action against the perpetrator, who happen to be their partners. Nevertheless, the reason for the reluctance is not entirely legal. Socio-cultural and religious factors could come into play that dictates acceptable and non-acceptable behavior. Economic factors also support to the reluctance. Psychological factors could also intervene in the decision to report victimization. (Roberts, 2002) A similar situation occurs horizontal in cases of national emphasis among homo finish upual or same-sex couples.There is even a lesser luck of victims of butch house servant violence to report victimization than domestic violence between heterosexual couples because of the supererogatory discriminatory situations that homosexual domestic violence victims face. (Renzetti, 1996) Heterosexual and Homosexual Domestic furiousness Victimization Violence or abuse happens in homosexual partners as often as in heterosexual couples but there ar similarities and differences in the situation faced by heterosexual and homosexual couples that could explain the reasons for the lesser likelihood of victimization reporting by homosexual domestic violence victims.As all victims of domestic violence, heterosexual and homosexual partners also undergo emotional dilemma in telling people nearly the violence or abuse much less report it to the authorities. However, homosexual partners also need to cut across with homophobic make dos arising from their social circle and the community in general so that they have to first assume with their homosexuality and homosexual relationship before even dealing with reporting domestic violence.(Renzetti, 1996 Roberts, 2002 Brown, 2008) Similar facts on domestic violence apply to both heterosexual and homosexual couples. Even partnership of the same sex does not necessarily provide a guarantee of equal status of the partners forming the relationship. It is also difficult for a victim of domestic violence in a heterosexual and homosexual relationship to leave the partnership. condemn on the victim in both types of partnership also occurs to influence the decision to report the incident. self-reproach is also comm just now exhibited by the abusers in both types of relationship to give the victim false promise over the cessation of the abuse. (Renzetti, 1996 Roberts, 2002 Brown, 2008) Reporting of Homosexual Domestic Violence Victimization to the Police There be d ifferences in the domestic abuse experienced by heterosexual and homosexual victims and these differences comprise the reasons for the lesser likelihood of victims of domestic violence in same sex relationships to the report the abuse to the police.First is the circumscribed perception and understanding of domestic violence in the case of homosexual couples. This is perhaps out-of-pocket to the complex termination of accepting homosexual partnership more so with homosexual domestic violence. Lack of understanding or unacceptability of homosexual partnership would liable(predicate) yield to negative reactions from society and evasion in addressing homosexual domestic violence. Aversion and evasion are the expected reactions of society to issues that it cannot understand. (Peterman Dixon, 2003 Brown, 2008)Moreover, it is not only society in general that drops an understanding of homosexual relationship and domestic violence, the victims themselves could find it difficult to ass ess their situations and decide on the manner of dealing with the problem by considering emotional factors such as attachment to the partner and apprehension of being alone especially when they receive little support for their sexual preferences in their own social circle. Some of the victims who have not yet divulged their sexual preferences to their family, friends and co-workers also have to admit their homosexuality in reporting the abuse to the police.Many may not be prepared to do this. (Island Lettelier, 1991 Cruz, 2003) They may not even think about going to the police for protection. Even within the merry and homosexual community, domestic violence is a largely suppressed issue. An explanation is the prevention of the further antagonism of the community. Reports of domestic violence in the gay and sapphic community would further complicate attempts of the community to foster community acceptance. It was only in the late 1990s that domestic violence in same sex relation ships started to receive due consideration.(Renzetti, 1996) Nevertheless, as long as the issue remains problematic on the part of the victims and the gay and lesbian community, reporting to domestic violence cases to the polices in homosexual relationships would remain nil. Second is the lack or limited services available to gays and lesbians who have experienced domestic abuse. Lack of knowledge or non-existence of venues for reporting domestic violence could be a reason for the failure or reluctance of gays and lesbians who are victims of domestic violence to report the abuse.(Peterman Jackson, 2003 Brown, 2008) Although there are help desks for women in police stations catering to gendered issues such as victims of domestic violence these are not commonly thought of as also available to gay and lesbian victims of domestic violence. These desks or sub-sectors of the police do not explicitly ban gays and lesbians or direct services exclusive to women but the perception about the services offered and the people to whom the services were intended plainly do not include gays and lesbians who have experienced abuse.Of course, reports could be lodged with the police but these are likely considered as other crimes such as physical injuries instead of the more defined crime of domestic violence. In effect, even if homosexual victims make the report, they may not receive sufficient services for victims of domestic violence such as counseling and advice on the legal processes. This could be the reason why more opt not to take the risk of prejudice involved in reporting the crime and not receiving any support.Moreover, the slow response of the gay and lesbian community towards domestic violence has resulted to a minor number of support groups that could help victims learn about remedies commencing with the report of the abuse to the police (Renzetti, 1996). Third is the lack of sensitization of health care workers, law enforcement personnel, and criminal justice p rofessionals regarding domestic violence experienced by homosexual partners. In the case of medical workers, most have not received orientation or learning about domestic violence between same sex couples and the manner of dealing with the issue when raised to them.This means that they cannot give advice to victims on the remedies available to them or coordinate with law enforcement authorities in handling the issue. With regard to law enforcement officers, they could be hesitant to take reports because of uncertainty on how to handle the issue because of non-recognition of domestic violence among homosexual partners. (Renzetti, 1996 Roberts, 2002 Brown, 2008) In addition, law enforcement and criminal justice workers that are homophobic could thin the issue altogether resulting to the re-victimization of the victim through discrimination.The police force carries a very macho culture so that gay men, who are victims of domestic violence, although by another gay partner, may be ridic uled or ill-treated. It is the risk of experiencing these adverse attitudes and behavior from the police together with the disquietude of stigma that dissuades victims of homosexual domestic violence to report the abuse to the police. (Renzetti, 1996 Roberts, 2002 Brown, 2008) Conclusion Victims of domestic abuse in a homosexual relationship fail or become reluctant to report abuse to the police, more so than victims of heterosexual domestic violence, because of a number of multi-dimensional reasons.Victims have to publicly deal with their homosexuality in reporting the abuse and many are not prepared for this. There is also limited support from the gay and lesbian community that for a long time has suppressed the occurrence of domestic violence among homosexual partners. There is also fear of stigma and discrimination by police officers in reporting the incident. These reasons imply that the addressing domestic violence in the case of homosexual or same sex partners would also be multi-dimensional. The solution involves change in the perception of society towards homosexuality, albeit a difficult feat.The gay and lesbian community also needs to geld and clarify issues relating to domestic violence to establish support for victims. Police officers require sensitization towards homosexual domestic violence in order to fulfill their duty of protecting individuals regardless of their sexual preference.ReferencesBrown, C. (2008). Gender-role implications on same-sex insinuate partner abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 23(6), 457-462. Cruz, M. J. (2003). Why doesnt he just leave? Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. The Journal of Mens Studies, 11(3), 309-323.Island, D. , Letellier, P. (1991). Men who beat the men who love them Battered gay men and domestic violence. raw(a) York Harrington Park Press. Peterman, L. M. , Dixon, C. G. (2003). Domestic violence between same-sex partners Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling and D evelopment, 81(1), 40-47. Renzetti, C. (ed. ) (1996). Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships. New York Haworth Press. Roberts, A. R. (2002). Handbook of domestic violence intervention strategies Policies, programs, and legal remedies. New York Oxford University Press.